Detecting Underground Geospatial Features for Protection of Rights in 3D Space: Korean Cases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results
3.1. Direct Survey Method
3.2. Method of Using Pre-Built Data
4. Discussion
4.1. Building Data on the Spatial Relation between Ground and Underground Space
4.2. Building Data on the Rights Relation between Ground and Underground Space
5. Conclusions and Recommendation
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Classification | Item | Description | Data Type |
---|---|---|---|
Object code | Store | Individual stores in the underground shopping center | Number Code |
Management facility | Facilities, excluding individual stores | Number Code | |
Shopping center administration information | ID | Unique number of the underground shopping center | Character String |
Shopping center name | Underground shopping center’s name | Character String | |
Owner/Manager | Owner/manager’s information | Character String | |
Number of floors | Total number of floors | Integer | |
Location | Address of the underground shopping center | Character String | |
Main use | Main uses of the underground shopping center | Character String | |
Main structure | Main structure of the underground shopping center | Character String | |
Land use | Use of the land where the underground shopping center is located | Character String | |
Use approval date | Use approval date of the underground shopping center | Date | |
Construction/Completion | Construction/completion dates of the underground shopping center | Date | |
Changes | Changes in the underground shopping center | Character String | |
Other information | Other items to be stated | Character String | |
Shopping center operation information | Number of stores | Total number of stores | Integer |
Shopping center area | Area of the underground shopping center | Real | |
Land area | Land area to which the underground shopping center belongs | Real | |
Total floor area | Total floor area of the underground shopping center | Real | |
Management facility | Facilities other than stores | Character String | |
Shopping center spatial information | Floor height | Height of each floor | Real |
Control points | Control point and boundary point coordinates | Real | |
Status drawing | Spatial status information between the underground shopping center and the above-ground parcel | Map or Image |
Classification | Item | Description | Data Type |
---|---|---|---|
Store administration information | ID | Unique number of the store | Character String |
Number of floors | Number of basement floors where the store is located | Integer | |
Address | Address of the above-ground parcel where the store is located | Character String | |
Other information | Other items to be stated | Character String | |
Store operation information | Store name | Name of each store | Character String |
Store area | Area by store | Real | |
Business type | Business type by store | Character String | |
Store spatial information | Depth | Depth information from the ground surface to the store | Real |
Status drawing | Spatial status information between stores and above-ground parcels | Map or Image | |
Store rights information | Owner | Store owner’s information | Character String |
Lessee | Store lessee’s information | Character String | |
Lease contract | Lease contract information | Character String | |
Divided superficies | Matters related to the establishment of partitioned space rights | Character String | |
Other rights | Rights other than lease | Character String | |
Changes in rights | History of changes in rights relation | Character String |
Classification | Item | Description | Data type |
---|---|---|---|
Management facility code | Operation facility | Facilities necessary for underground shopping centers and store management | Number Code |
Convenience facility | User convenience facilities | Number Code | |
Other facilities | Other facilities | Number Code | |
Management facility information | ID | Unique number of the management facility | Character String |
Location | Facility’s location information in the shopping center | Character String | |
Area | Area of facility | Real | |
Use | Use of facility | Character String |
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Classification | Specification | Quantity | Product Image |
---|---|---|---|
Optical Camera |
| 6 | |
Laser Scanner |
| 3 | |
Sensors |
| 1 | |
System Performance |
| 1 |
Operating Body | Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Korea) | |
---|---|---|
Raw data open | Restricted disclosure (approval required) | |
Service scope | Administration-use and public-use | |
Data format | 2D | shp, dwg, dxf |
3D | imp, asc, 3ds, max | |
Attributes | 3D texture code table, structured layer definition, structured classified code classification table, position layer classification table, POI classification table, building code design table | |
Data universality | Raw data (imp format file) can be operated in specific software | |
Main operating programs | Autodesk 3D MAX, AutoCAD, Leica Cyclone | |
Data coordinate system | Absolute coordinates | |
Data usability | Difference in constructed data between data generations periods, information inconsistency between 3D data and POI |
Supplementary Control Points Used | Bessel Result | World Geodetic System Result | Elevation | Remarks | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X Coordinate | Y Coordinate | X Coordinate | Y Coordinate | |||
1048 | 177,746.24 | 203,190.68 | 278,056.11 | 203,249.15 | 2.477 m | 1st supplementary control (re-established in 2008) |
903 | 177,723.78 | 203,066.15 | 278,033.60 | 203,124.64 | 1.979 m | 1st supplementary control (re-established in 2008) |
129 | 178,099.64 | 203,280.58 | 278,409.46 | 203,338.97 | 1.599 m | 1st supplementary control (re-established in 2008) |
130 | 178,058.39 | 203,254.60 | 278,368.23 | 203,312.98 | 1.492 m | 1st supplementary control (re-established in 2008) |
Newly Established Supplementary Control Points | Bessel Result | World Geodetic System Result | Elevation (H) | Remarks | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X Coordinate | Y Coordinate | X Coordinate | Y Coordinate | |||
1 | 177,689.45 | 203,172.56 | 277,999.29 | 203,231.05 | 2.041 | Ground installation |
2 | 177,678.09 | 203,144.73 | 277,987.93 | 203,203.23 | 2.629 | Ground installation |
3 | 177,669.29 | 203,120.48 | 277,979.12 | 203,178.98 | −6.792 | Underground installation |
4 | 177,651.40 | 203,129.27 | 277,961.24 | 203,187.77 | −6.762 | Underground installation |
5 | 177,686.40 | 203,188.18 | 277,996.25 | 203,246.68 | −5.225 | Underground installation |
6 | 177,805.34 | 203,286.67 | 278,115.21 | 203,345.14 | −4.910 | Underground installation |
7 | 177,952.24 | 203,278.28 | 278,262.10 | 203,336.73 | −5.301 | Underground installation |
8 | 178,022.74 | 203,274.68 | 278,332.60 | 203,333.11 | −5.427 | Underground installation |
9 | 178,024.49 | 203,286.17 | 278,334.35 | 203,344.60 | −5.420 | Underground installation |
10 | 178,045.00 | 203,284.29 | 278,354.86 | 203,342.71 | 2.213 | Ground installation |
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Bae, S.K.; Kim, J.O. Detecting Underground Geospatial Features for Protection of Rights in 3D Space: Korean Cases. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031102
Bae SK, Kim JO. Detecting Underground Geospatial Features for Protection of Rights in 3D Space: Korean Cases. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(3):1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031102
Chicago/Turabian StyleBae, Sang Keun, and Jung Ok Kim. 2021. "Detecting Underground Geospatial Features for Protection of Rights in 3D Space: Korean Cases" Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031102