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Volume 11
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Article

In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation and Apoptotic Effects of Datura innoxia Grown in Saudi Arabia and Phytochemical Analysis

by
Mohammed Al-Zharani
1,*,
Fahd A. Nasr
2,
Ali S. Alqahtani
2,3,
Mary Anne W. Cordero
4,
Amal A. Alotaibi
4,*,
Asmatanzeem Bepari
4,
Saud Alarifi
5,
Ali Daoud
5,
Ibrahim O. Barnawi
6 and
Haytham M. Daradka
6
1
Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
2
Medicinal Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
4
Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Taibah University, Madina 41321, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(6), 2864; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062864
Submission received: 1 February 2021 / Revised: 9 March 2021 / Accepted: 10 March 2021 / Published: 23 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Plant Natural Compounds)
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Abstract

Datura innoxia is an important species of Solanaceae family with several purposes in folk medicine. This study intends to explore the cytotoxic effect of D. innoxia on various cancer cell proliferation. D. innoxia ethanolic extract’s effect on the progression of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry. Further, real-time PCR was employed to confirm apoptosis initiation. In addition, active phytochemicals of D. innoxia was identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The cell viability study revealed that the ethanolic extract of D. innoxia demonstrated potent cytotoxicity, with an IC50 value of 10 μg/mL against LoVo colon cancer cells. Cell cycle staining with propidium iodide revealed that D. innoxia treatment leads to cell accumulation in the sub-G1 phase. Using the Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, the ethanolic extract was found to cause a dose-dependent increase in early and late apoptosis when compared to control cells. Apoptosis as the mode of cell death was also confirmed by the increased expression of p53, bax and caspase-8, -9, and -3 along with downregulation of Bcl-2. GC-MS analysis displayed that 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (16.53%), heneicosyl formate (14.14%), 2,3-dimethyl-3-pentanol (12.89%), 2-hydroxy-4-methyl pentanoic acid (5.19%) were the main phytoconstituents. These findings conclude that D. innoxia causes cell death through apoptosis, suggesting more attention should be paid to further exploration of the active components from D. innoxia responsible for the observed activities.
Keywords: Datura innoxia; LoVo; antiproliferation; caspases Datura innoxia; LoVo; antiproliferation; caspases

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MDPI and ACS Style

Al-Zharani, M.; Nasr, F.A.; Alqahtani, A.S.; Cordero, M.A.W.; Alotaibi, A.A.; Bepari, A.; Alarifi, S.; Daoud, A.; Barnawi, I.O.; Daradka, H.M. In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation and Apoptotic Effects of Datura innoxia Grown in Saudi Arabia and Phytochemical Analysis. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 2864. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062864

AMA Style

Al-Zharani M, Nasr FA, Alqahtani AS, Cordero MAW, Alotaibi AA, Bepari A, Alarifi S, Daoud A, Barnawi IO, Daradka HM. In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation and Apoptotic Effects of Datura innoxia Grown in Saudi Arabia and Phytochemical Analysis. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(6):2864. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062864

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-Zharani, Mohammed, Fahd A. Nasr, Ali S. Alqahtani, Mary Anne W. Cordero, Amal A. Alotaibi, Asmatanzeem Bepari, Saud Alarifi, Ali Daoud, Ibrahim O. Barnawi, and Haytham M. Daradka. 2021. "In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation and Apoptotic Effects of Datura innoxia Grown in Saudi Arabia and Phytochemical Analysis" Applied Sciences 11, no. 6: 2864. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062864

APA Style

Al-Zharani, M., Nasr, F. A., Alqahtani, A. S., Cordero, M. A. W., Alotaibi, A. A., Bepari, A., Alarifi, S., Daoud, A., Barnawi, I. O., & Daradka, H. M. (2021). In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation and Apoptotic Effects of Datura innoxia Grown in Saudi Arabia and Phytochemical Analysis. Applied Sciences, 11(6), 2864. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062864

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