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Volume 12
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10.3390/app12010398
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Article

Effective and Low-Maintenance IMTA System as Effluent Treatment Unit for Promoting Sustainability in Coastal Aquaculture

by
Luís Resende
1,
Juan Flores
2,
Cláudia Moreira
1,
Diana Pacheco
1,
Alexandra Baeta
1,
Ana Carla Garcia
1,3 and
Ana Cristina Silva Rocha
1,*
1
Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-UC), MAREFOZ Laboratory, Incubadora de Empresas da Figueira da Foz, Parque Industrial e Empresarial da Figueira da Foz (Laboratório MAREFOZ), Rua das Acácias Lote 40A, 3090-380 Figueira da Foz, Portugal
2
Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Edificio Fray Luís de Granada C/Ramón y Cajal, 18003 Granada, Spain
3
Instituto do Ambiente Tecnologia e Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010398
Submission received: 22 November 2021 / Revised: 23 December 2021 / Accepted: 28 December 2021 / Published: 31 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Aquaculture: Scientific Advances and Applications)
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Abstract

Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) is a versatile technology emerging as an ecological and sustainable solution for traditional monoculture aquacultures in terms of effluent treatment. Nevertheless, IMTA is still poorly applied in aquaculture industry due to, among other reasons, the lack of effective, low-investment and low-maintenance solutions. In this study, one has developed a practical and low maintenance IMTA-pilot system, settled in a semi-intensive coastal aquaculture. The optimisation and performance of the system was validated using Ulva spp., a macroalgae that naturally grows in the fishponds of the local aquaculture. Several cultivation experiments were performed at lab-scale and in the IMTA-pilot system, in static mode. The specific growth rate (SGR), yield, nutrient removal, N and C enrichment, protein and pigment content were monitored. Ulva spp. successfully thrived in effluent from the fish species sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production tanks and significantly reduced inorganic nutrient load in the effluent, particularly, NH4+, PO43− and NO3−. The enrichment of nitrogen in Ulva spp.’s tissues indicated nitrogen assimilation by the algae, though, the cultivated Ulva spp. showed lower amounts of protein and pigments in comparison to the wild type. This study indicates that the designed IMTA-pilot system is an efficient solution for fish effluent treatment and Ulva spp., a suitable effluent remediator.
Keywords: estuary; macroalgae; effluent; bioremediation; aquaculture; sustainability; stable isotopes estuary; macroalgae; effluent; bioremediation; aquaculture; sustainability; stable isotopes

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MDPI and ACS Style

Resende, L.; Flores, J.; Moreira, C.; Pacheco, D.; Baeta, A.; Garcia, A.C.; Rocha, A.C.S. Effective and Low-Maintenance IMTA System as Effluent Treatment Unit for Promoting Sustainability in Coastal Aquaculture. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010398

AMA Style

Resende L, Flores J, Moreira C, Pacheco D, Baeta A, Garcia AC, Rocha ACS. Effective and Low-Maintenance IMTA System as Effluent Treatment Unit for Promoting Sustainability in Coastal Aquaculture. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(1):398. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010398

Chicago/Turabian Style

Resende, Luís, Juan Flores, Cláudia Moreira, Diana Pacheco, Alexandra Baeta, Ana Carla Garcia, and Ana Cristina Silva Rocha. 2022. "Effective and Low-Maintenance IMTA System as Effluent Treatment Unit for Promoting Sustainability in Coastal Aquaculture" Applied Sciences 12, no. 1: 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010398

APA Style

Resende, L., Flores, J., Moreira, C., Pacheco, D., Baeta, A., Garcia, A. C., & Rocha, A. C. S. (2022). Effective and Low-Maintenance IMTA System as Effluent Treatment Unit for Promoting Sustainability in Coastal Aquaculture. Applied Sciences, 12(1), 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010398

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