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Article

Domiciliary Management of Periodontal Indexes and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Paraprobiotic-Based Toothpaste and Mousse: Randomized Clinical Trial

by
Andrea Butera
1,*,
Maurizio Pascadopoli
2,*,
Simone Gallo
2,*,
Mario Alovisi
3,
Elisabetta Lovati
4,
Elisa Mutti
1 and
Andrea Scribante
1,2
1
Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
3
Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
4
General Medicine 2, Diabetology Ambulatory, IRCCS Polyclinic San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8610; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178610
Submission received: 27 July 2022 / Revised: 12 August 2022 / Accepted: 26 August 2022 / Published: 28 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Systemic Implications of Periodontal Disease – an Integrated Approach)
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Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissues. Several systemic diseases are related to this condition. One of the strongest associations is that of periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). On the contrary, the link with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has not been extensively investigated. The objective of the present report is to evaluate and compare the effect of two domiciliary oral hygiene protocols on the periodontal clinical status as well as on the metabolic control in patients affected by T1DM. Methods: Sample size calculation required 20 patients per group, therefore 40 patients were equally and randomly assigned to the following home oral care protocols: a probiotic-based one (trial group) and a natural extracts-based one (control group). At the beginning of the study, after 3 and 6 months, the following periodontal indexes were collected: Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Plaque Index (PI), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BoP), and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c). Data underwent statistical analysis (significance threshold: p < 0.05). Results: In both groups, significant decreases in the periodontal clinical indexes were found at various time frames, whereas the levels of HbA1c significantly decreased only in the control group. Conclusions: Both the domiciliary treatments administered can significantly improve PPD, PI, CAL, and BOP parameters, whereas only the natural extracts-based gel seems to decrease HbA1c levels of T1DM patients.
Keywords: A C E vitamins; antioxidants; diabetes mellitus; type 1 diabetes mellitus; dental scaling; dentistry; glycated hemoglobin a; hyaluronic acid; oral hygiene; paraprobiotics; root planing A C E vitamins; antioxidants; diabetes mellitus; type 1 diabetes mellitus; dental scaling; dentistry; glycated hemoglobin a; hyaluronic acid; oral hygiene; paraprobiotics; root planing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Butera, A.; Pascadopoli, M.; Gallo, S.; Alovisi, M.; Lovati, E.; Mutti, E.; Scribante, A. Domiciliary Management of Periodontal Indexes and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Paraprobiotic-Based Toothpaste and Mousse: Randomized Clinical Trial. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 8610. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178610

AMA Style

Butera A, Pascadopoli M, Gallo S, Alovisi M, Lovati E, Mutti E, Scribante A. Domiciliary Management of Periodontal Indexes and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Paraprobiotic-Based Toothpaste and Mousse: Randomized Clinical Trial. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(17):8610. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178610

Chicago/Turabian Style

Butera, Andrea, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Simone Gallo, Mario Alovisi, Elisabetta Lovati, Elisa Mutti, and Andrea Scribante. 2022. "Domiciliary Management of Periodontal Indexes and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Paraprobiotic-Based Toothpaste and Mousse: Randomized Clinical Trial" Applied Sciences 12, no. 17: 8610. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178610

APA Style

Butera, A., Pascadopoli, M., Gallo, S., Alovisi, M., Lovati, E., Mutti, E., & Scribante, A. (2022). Domiciliary Management of Periodontal Indexes and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Paraprobiotic-Based Toothpaste and Mousse: Randomized Clinical Trial. Applied Sciences, 12(17), 8610. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178610

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