Evaluation of the Effect of Hamao Detention Pond on Excess Runoff from the Abukuma River in 2019 and Simple Remodeling of the Pond to Increase Its Flood Control Function
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Current Status of River Management for Flood Prevention and Possible River Improvement by New Policies
2.1. Current Status of Japan’s River Improvements for Flood Prevention
2.2. Topographical Features of the Upper Reaches of Rivers in Japan
2.3. Expandable Detention Pond That Uses Natural Terrain
3. Description of the Study Site
3.1. Overview of the Abukuma River Watershed
3.2. Terrain and Hydraulic Facilities of the HDP
4. Overview of the Large Flood in 2019
5. Methodology for Flood Analysis
5.1. Estimation of River Overflow Pattern from Water Level Data
5.1.1. Rate of River Overflow Flow at Points A and B
5.1.2. Backward Flow Rate from the Second Drainage Gate
5.2. Numerical Model for Flow Field Analysis
5.3. Iterative Calculation Method to Obtain the Entire Flow Field
- (1)
- First, an appropriate for the upstream end boundary condition is assumed, and the downstream boundary condition is set to perform a one-dimensional unsteady flow analysis considering the water exchange with the floodplain and the HDP. In this calculation, are given as the hydrographs shown in Figure 21, while the unknown variables are calculated using Equation (1).
- (2)
- The downstream end flow rate obtained by the calculation is compared with the Sukagawa observed flow rate , and the upstream flow rate is updated by subtracting their difference from the , in which is the time for floodwater to reach the downstream end from the upstream end.
- (3)
- Manning’s roughness coefficient, , is updated with reference to and obtained by the 3 L water gauges, and the longitudinal distribution of the highest water level obtained from the flood traces.
6. Numerical Simulation Results
7. Considerations for Remodeling the HDP to Improve Flood Control Capability
7.1. Remodeling Policy and Trial Design
- (a)
- When the water level in the river channel exceeds HWL, some of the river water starts flowing onto the floodplain from the overflow weir and flows downstream along the floodplain slope.
- (b)
- After the flood flow reaches the downstream end of the basin, it forms a pond that gradually expands upstream due to the backwater.
- (c)
- When the river water level outside the drainage gate becomes lower than the land side water level, the gate is opened, and the stored water is discharged to the river.
7.2. Numerical Simulation and Discussion
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Measurement Point | Symbol | Measurement Duration | Elapsed Time |
---|---|---|---|
Sukagawa (water level) | 12th 12:00–14th 0:00 | 0:00–36:00 | |
Sukagawa (flow rate) | 12th 12:00–14th 0:00 | 0:00–36:00 | |
Road bridge A | 12th 23:00–13th 11:50 | 11:00–23:50 | |
Road bridge B | 12th 23:00–13th 11:50 | 11:00–23:50 | |
Discharge gate #1 | 12th 17:00–13th 0:50 | 5:00–12:50 | |
Discharge gate #2 | 12th 17:30–13th 2:30 | 5:30–14:30 | |
River channel (flood peak trace) | After flood |
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Harada, S.; Ishikawa, T. Evaluation of the Effect of Hamao Detention Pond on Excess Runoff from the Abukuma River in 2019 and Simple Remodeling of the Pond to Increase Its Flood Control Function. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 729. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020729
Harada S, Ishikawa T. Evaluation of the Effect of Hamao Detention Pond on Excess Runoff from the Abukuma River in 2019 and Simple Remodeling of the Pond to Increase Its Flood Control Function. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(2):729. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020729
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarada, Shouta, and Tadaharu Ishikawa. 2022. "Evaluation of the Effect of Hamao Detention Pond on Excess Runoff from the Abukuma River in 2019 and Simple Remodeling of the Pond to Increase Its Flood Control Function" Applied Sciences 12, no. 2: 729. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020729