Centrifugal Model Study of Seepage and Seismic Behavior in a Homogeneous Reservoir Dam with Parapet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Centrifugal Model Test
2.2. Scenario Setting
2.3. Modeling and Experimental Conditions
2.4. Construction Materials
2.5. Input Seismic Motion
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Deformation Shape and Displacement
3.2. Dam Crest Cracks
- In the case of cracks remaining at the dam crest, large-scale tensile cracks can be caused by loading in the crack direction during an earthquake.
- The increase in crack depth after the earthquake indicates that the deformation continues owing to the pore water pressure in the embankment, suggesting that stabilization measures and management of embankments after an earthquake are necessary.
3.3. Pore-Water-Pressure Variation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Years | Number of Failures | Cause of Embankment Failure | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dam Type | Cause | Note | ||
2010.8 | 2 | Homogeneous-type | Torrential rain | - |
2011.8 | 1 | Homogeneous-type | Torrential rain | - |
2012.8 | 1 | Homogeneous-type | Torrential rain | - |
2012.8 | 2 | Core-type | Torrential rain | - |
2013.4 | 1 | Homogeneous-type | Deterioration | Conduit defect |
2013.7 | 2 | Core-type | Torrential rain | - |
2014.8 | 1 | Homogeneous-type | Torrential rain | - |
2014.9 | 1 | Homogeneous-type | Torrential rain | - |
2014.9 | 1 | Core-type | Deterioration | Conduit defect |
2016.10 | 2 | Zoned fill-type | Torrential rain | - |
2018.7 | 1 | Homogeneous-type | Torrential rain | - |
2019.10 | 3 | Zoned fill-type | Torrential rain | - |
2020.7 | 1 | Homogeneous-type | Deterioration | Conduit defect |
2020.8 | 3 | Homogeneous-type | Torrential rain | - |
2020.8 | 13 | Core-type | Torrential rain | - |
2020.8 | 5 | Zoned fill-type | Torrential rain | - |
Total | 40 | - |
Properties | Prototype | Scaling Factor | Properties | Prototype | Scaling Factor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | 1 | 1 | Mass | 1 | 1/N2 |
Length | 1 | 1/N | Force | 1 | 1/N2 |
Displacement | 1 | 1/N | Stress | 1 | 1 |
Velocity | 1 | 1 | Strain | 1 | 1 |
Centrifuge acceleration | 1 | N | Time (static) | 1 | 1/N2 |
Seismic velocity | 1 | N | Time (dynamic) | 1 | 1/N |
Location | Dam Crest (Section B) | Upstream (Section A) | Downstream (Section C) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mode | EMB | Parapet | EMB | Parapet | EMB | Parapet |
1st seepage mode | 2–6 | 1–3 | 11–14 | 1–3 | 1–3 | 1–4 |
Seismic mode | 8–15 | 2–5 | 11–14 | 1–3 | 2–5 | 2–5 |
2nd seepage mode | 12–20 | 5–9 | 11–14 | 1–3 | 2–5 | 4–7 |
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Lee, Y.-H.; Yamakawa, S.; Tobita, T.; Hong, H.-K.; Song, H.-S.; Kim, J.-J.; Lee, D.-W. Centrifugal Model Study of Seepage and Seismic Behavior in a Homogeneous Reservoir Dam with Parapet. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 6347. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106347
Lee Y-H, Yamakawa S, Tobita T, Hong H-K, Song H-S, Kim J-J, Lee D-W. Centrifugal Model Study of Seepage and Seismic Behavior in a Homogeneous Reservoir Dam with Parapet. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(10):6347. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106347
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Young-Hak, Soichiro Yamakawa, Tetsuo Tobita, Hyuk-Kee Hong, Hyo-Sung Song, Jae-Jung Kim, and Dal-Won Lee. 2023. "Centrifugal Model Study of Seepage and Seismic Behavior in a Homogeneous Reservoir Dam with Parapet" Applied Sciences 13, no. 10: 6347. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106347