Pressure Model Study on Synchronous Grouting in Shield Tunnels Considering the Temporal Variation in Grout Viscosity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Model
2.1. Assumptions
- (1)
- The grout is regarded as a homogeneous and incompressible fluid following Darcy’s law.
- (2)
- No grout dilution and blockage occur during synchronous grouting.
- (3)
- The disturbance of groundwater is neglected.
- (4)
- The pressure dissipation induced by grout consolidation is neglected.
- (5)
- The grout pressure formed during the circumferential grout filling phase is assumed to be the initial value of the longitudinal filling and radial penetration diffusion phase.
2.2. Circumferential Grout Pressure Distribution
2.3. Radial Grout Pressure Dissipation
2.4. Longitudinal Grout Filling Pressure Dissipation
3. Case Analysis and Model Verification
3.1. Case Introduction
3.2. Model Calculation
3.3. Model Verification
4. Parameter Sensitivity Analysis
4.1. Circumferential Grout Filling Phase
4.1.1. Yield Shear Stress
4.1.2. Shield Tail Void Thickness b
4.1.3. Tunnel Radius R
4.2. Radial and Longitudinal Grout Diffusion Phase
4.2.1. Porosity φ and Permeability Coefficient Kw
4.2.2. Time-Varying Coefficients of the Grout Viscosity
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The temporal variation in grout viscosity has little effect on the grout pressure during the circumferential filling phase. In contrast, its effect is not negligible during the longitudinal and radial diffusion phases.
- (2)
- During the circumferential filling phase, the grout pressure decreases significantly with the increase in yield shear stress. When the thickness of the shield tail void is greater than 0.1 m, its effect on the grout pressure is limited.
- (3)
- The larger the radius of the tunnel, the more uneven the distribution of grout pressure. Increasing the number of grouting holes for constructing large-radius tunnels is a better way to control the uniform distribution of grout pressure.
- (4)
- The stratum with large porosity and permeability coefficient is conducive to grout diffusion. However, it is not conducive to the maintenance of grout pressure. The increase in the grout viscosity causes the reduction of the diffusion distance, which reduces the pressure loss in the grout flow process.
- (5)
- The research and development of grout materials should be combined with the characteristics of the injected stratum, considering the grout diffusion characteristics and the retention rate to optimize the grouting effect. In addition, the relationship between the grout properties and the permeability of the soil should be further studied.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grouting Hole Locations | Grout Pressure (Pa) | θ Range (Rad) |
---|---|---|
Grouting Hole | Location (°) | Injection Pressure (MPa) |
---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 0.2 |
2 | 55 | 0.23 |
3 | 125 | 0.34 |
4 | 180 | 0.37 |
5 | 235 | 0.34 |
6 | 305 | 0.23 |
R1 (m) | R0 (m) | R (m) | b (m) | vd (m/s) | ρ (kg/m3) | τ0 (Pa) | (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4.725 | 4.885 | 4.805 | 0.16 | 0.00072 | 2190 | 100 | 190 |
θ/° | D/cm | Rs/m | ΔP/kPa | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Considering temporal variation in grout viscosity | 0 | 27.7 | 5.00 | 27.2 |
90 | 30.4 | 5.03 | 41.2 | |
180 | 31.0 | 5.04 | 44.3 | |
Ignoring temporal variation in grout viscosity | 0 | 33.2 | 5.06 | 46.8 |
90 | 36.4 | 5.09 | 66.0 | |
180 | 37.0 | 5.10 | 70.1 |
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Ma, J.; Sun, A.; Jiang, A.; Guo, N.; Liu, X.; Song, J.; Liu, T. Pressure Model Study on Synchronous Grouting in Shield Tunnels Considering the Temporal Variation in Grout Viscosity. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 10437. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810437
Ma J, Sun A, Jiang A, Guo N, Liu X, Song J, Liu T. Pressure Model Study on Synchronous Grouting in Shield Tunnels Considering the Temporal Variation in Grout Viscosity. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(18):10437. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810437
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Jun, Ao Sun, Annan Jiang, Naisheng Guo, Xiang Liu, Jinliang Song, and Tiexin Liu. 2023. "Pressure Model Study on Synchronous Grouting in Shield Tunnels Considering the Temporal Variation in Grout Viscosity" Applied Sciences 13, no. 18: 10437. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810437