Nils J. Nilsson, a well-known American computer scientist, defines AI as “the activity devoted to making machines intelligent, and intelligence is that quality that enables an entity to function appropriately and with foresight in its environment” [
9]. AI is recognized to have a large impact on our near future and will reshape many areas of the business environment. The use of AI in management leads to constant interactions between humans and machines. Managers in key organizational domains have already started using AI. These domains include human resources, marketing, customer management and product innovation [
2]. The fourth industrial evolution is a topic that has been discussed a lot in recent years, where the nature and extent of rapid technological changes are discussed. The technology’s positive and negative impacts are evaluated and reflected on in terms of how it can be managed for the benefit of businesses and society, and what to expect in the coming years [
10]. The AI approaches and available tools to be used for automating tasks in business project management have been researched. It was clear that the expectations exceed today’s possibilities; the solutions available hardly meet the requirements of terms such as Project Management BOT or Automated Project Management. A project manager’s tasks can currently only be automated in small, defined areas [
3]. In the future, managers at all levels will have to adapt to the use of machines as part of their profession. A survey by Kolbjørnsrud et al. [
4], published in the Harvard Business Review, explored how managers could grow and succeed in the age of AI. Based on their survey, five practices were considered necessary for managers to be successful. These five practices include leaving administration to AI, focusing on judgement work, treating machines as “colleagues”, working like a designer and developing social skills and network. It is most likely that AI will prove to be cheaper and more efficient than humans in certain tasks. However, that does not mean that machines will completely take over the profession of being a manager. Instead, managers can spend their valuable time on tasks that only humans are able to do. These tasks include the application of experience and expertise to critical business decisions. AI is intended to support managers, not replace them [
4]. To achieve a successful outcome for any project, planning and scheduling are crucial elements. A research by Morad and Vorster [
11] compared two approaches that can be used in project planning. The first approach focuses on network-based techniques and decision models. The second approach focuses on techniques based on artificial intelligence. Based on the results, AI is expected to have a great impact on the field of project management and can be an effective tool in project planning. The main advantage of the techniques based on AI is that they make a clear distinction between the mechanism and the knowledge used to process the knowledge. This allows knowledge to be added independent of the project-solving strategy that is performed by the system, which makes them more flexible than network-based techniques. These techniques can handle uncertainty in identifying interrelationships among various tasks in the project plan, while network-based techniques do not consider uncertainty among the tasks. They can also store and use heuristic knowledge about constraints and assist in generating detailed plans [
11]. Other studies have been implemented where AI methods are used to forecast project duration [
12], and AI is applied to predict cash flow trends in projects to obtain strategic control over them. This can augment project cost management [
13]. Research indicates that AI will affect the work of project managers. They must learn to adapt to the changes to be able to keep up with the changing future of their occupation as a project manager. A review essay by Raisch and Krakowski utilized three recent books about AI as a starting point and explored the automation and augmentation concepts in the management domain. Automation means that a machine takes over a human task, while augmentation implies that humans and machines collaborate to perform or solve a particular task. According to the three books, organizations are advised to prioritize augmentation rather than automation. Managerial tasks can be complex where rules or modules are not fully known. Therefore, the use of automation only can be difficult, but managers could use an augmentation approach to obtain a deeper understanding of the problem. This involves the managers, and they are forced to collaborate with the machines on certain tasks. They use their expertise to monitor and evaluate the machine’s outcome, which also allows them to carry out other valuable tasks. By initially using an augmentation approach to a complex task, organizations aim to increase the level of automation by replacing time-consuming human tasks with automated processes. This interaction between AI technology and managers helps them to increase their understanding of certain tasks over time, which may lead to a transition to automation. Raisch and Krakowski concluded that over-emphasizing either of the two concepts can have a negative effect on the organization’s outcomes. Organizations should adopt a broader perspective and compromise both automation and augmentation to benefit the business [
2]. AI has also been researched in connection with decision augmentation and automation, as it could potentially enhance human decision making. Humans are likely to desire control and have confidence in handling every situation. The research demonstrated that humans tend to have little trust in AI [
14]. Considering the available research on AI today, some parts of management will arguably be automated, while others will be augmented by AI. A recent study by Fridgeirsson and Ingason et al. investigates AI’s degree of impact on particular areas of project management and how it might augment the different areas. According to the results, AI will clearly affect the future of project management and its knowledge areas, as defined in the
PMBOK. The research demonstrates that out of the ten knowledge areas, project schedule management, project cost management and project risk management are likely to be affected the most by AI and benefit from it [
5]. Going forward, AI is a benefit for project managers. It can handle scheduling, planning, and risks and decreases the need for human input. It can be used as an assistant to project managers, which allows them to spend more time on tasks where the human mind is necessary and tasks that involves its employees. AI can manage complex analytics, which enables it to observe the movement of a project and make valuable predictions about the project’s future. The potential benefits of AI in project management are compelling and could have a great impact on the future of project management [
15].