The Seismic Resistance Analysis of Frame Structures and Wall Structures Using Ferrocement and Expanded Metal

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

The Materials and Methods section is just copied from some template. 

The novelty and objectives of the study are not clear.

The use of the English language requires significant improvement. 

The literature review is not adequate. Only 8 papers are cited. Similar work has been done in other countries by several other researchers.

Author Response

1.In this study, which is a seismic resistant analysis of 3 stories concrete building structure is that reinforced at columns, beams and walls using ferrocement and expanded metal technique by nonlinear static analysis method (pushover analysis) to comparisons the results seismic resistant strength of reinforcing columns, beams and wall with original building structure.

2.References

1. Lukkunaprasit, P., Ruangrassamee, A., Boonyatee, T., Chintanapakdee, C., Jankaew, K., Thanasisathit, N., Chandrangsu, T. (2015). Performance of structures in the MW 6.1 mae lao earthquake in Thailand on May 5, 2014, and implications for future construction. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 20: pp 219-42.
2. Kazemi MT., Morshed R. (2005). Seismic shear strengthening of R/C columns with ferrocement jacket. Cement & Concrete Composites, 27: 834–42.
3. Leeanansaksiri, A., Panyakapo, P., Ruangrassme, A. (2018). Seismic capacity of masonry infilled RC frame strengthening with expanded metal ferrocement. Engineering Structures, 159, pp.110-27.
4. Longthong, S., Panyakapo, P. and Ruangrassamee, A. (2020). Seismic Strengthening of RC Frame and Brick Infill Panel using Ferrocement and Expanded Metal. Engineering Journal, 24 (3), pp. 45-59.
5. Li, B. and Lam E. S. S. (2018). Influence of interfacial characteristics on the shear bond behavior between concrete and ferrocement. Construction and Building Materials, 176, pp. 462–469.
6. Panyamul, S., Panyakapo, P., Ruangrassame, A. (2019). Seismic shear strengthening of reinforced concrete short columns using ferrocement with expanded metal, Engineering Journal, 23 (6), pp. 175–189.
7. Salinas, S., Guzman, A., Carrillo, J. (2021). Performance evaluation of structures with reinforced concrete columns retrofitted with steel jacketing. Journal of Building Engineering, 33.
8. P. (2021). Seismic analysis of RC frame with brick infill panel strengthened by steel cage and expanded metal. Engineering Journal, 25 (4), pp.29-44.
9. Amornpunyapat, R., Panyakapo P. and Panyakapo, M. (2021). Development of Lightweight Concrete Interlocking Block Panel with Water Treatment Sludge and Expanded Metal Ferrocement, Engineering Journal, 25(1), pp. 81-97.
10. Saneinejad A, Hobbs B. (1995). Inelastic design of infilled frames, Journal of Structural Engineering. ASCE, 6682: pp. 634-50.
11. Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning. (2018). Building design standards for seismic resistance; DPT. standard 1301/1302-61.
12. Carr A. J. (2006). RUAUMOKO computer program. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
13. Saiidi, M., Sozen M. A. (1979). Simple and complex models for nonlinear seismic response of reinforced concrete structures. Report UILU – ENG-79-2031, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, I LLINOIS, August.
14. W. G. (1987). The seismic design of plywood sheathed shear walls, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of civil engineering, University of Canterbury.
15. Park, Y. J. and Ang, A. H. (1985). Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete. Journal of Structure Engineering, ASCE, 111(4): pp. 722-739

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

This paper introduces the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete building structures reinforced by reinforced cement and expanded metal on brick walls. In the design of reinforced structure, the model is used to calculate and analyze the resistance of rigid frame and wall frame reinforced by reinforced concrete and expanded metal.

1 What is the innovation of the article? This point is not stated in the abstract or body of the article;

2 The introduction does not adequately describe the current research status, which makes readers unable to understand the motivation and innovation of the method in the article;

3 The number of references is not enough.

Author Response

1. In this study, which is a seismic resistant analysis of 3 stories concrete building structure is that reinforced at columns, beams and walls using ferrocement and expanded metal technique by nonlinear static analysis method (pushover analysis) to comparisons the results seismic resistant strength of reinforcing column, beams and wall with original building structure.
2. Introduction

The result of seismic at Mae Lao district, Chiang Rai province in 2014 brought many columns to be damaged due to shear. In addition, the partially walled structure from wide open space the window also can cause the column to be damaged because of the effect of short column under shear loads [1]. Therefore, these buildings need to reinforcement. The ferrocement reinforcement technique is widely used due to easy construction and safe cost. Research results for shear strength testing of reinforced column with ferrocement and expanded metal found that the reinforcing column has an increased ductility value when reinforcing steel volume ratio in the ferrocement is increased. Furthermore, reinforcement with expanded metal has ductility value more than general reinforcing steel usage [2]. The study results of reinforcement building frame of brick wall with ferrocement and expanded metal. The resistance strength of the reinforced building frame is higher than the original brick wall building frame [3]. Further research results which had used column reinforcement in along height of the column, reinforcement to prevent joint connecting failure of column and beams, and to prevent cracking of brick wall’s corners. These led to the reinforcement building frame has resistant value higher than the original building frame [4]. On the other hand, the result of using dowel bar which bond ferrocement with concrete. Found that L-shape dowel bar usage affect the best shear bonding between ferrocement with concrete as compared with different shapes of dowel bars [5]. The result of the study about short columns for shear strength reinforcement ferrocement and expanded metal. Found that the shear strength of the column is higher when the volume ratio of expanded metal is increased by offering efficiency multiplier of steel grating to predict shear strength value of the reinforcement column [6].

      The study of seismic resistant behavior of 6 story high building structure which was reinforced by cover steel column cladding method. From the result, it found that the reinforcing structure has higher of lateral strength and toughness value. However, structural irregularity can reduce the building’s seismic resistance [7]. For the study results of seismic resistant behavior of building structure 3 story which was reinforced by column cladding method with steel mesh and expanded metal. Moreover, the results found that stiffness value and lateral force resistant value of reinforcing structure are higher. Otherwise, structural model based on flexibility provided the improvement effect less than structural model based on fixity [8].

      In this study, which is a seismic resistant analysis of 3 stories concrete building structure is that reinforced at columns, beams and walls using ferrocement and expanded metal technique by nonlinear static analysis method (pushover analysis) to comparisons the results seismic resistant strength of reinforcing column, beams and wall with original building structure.

3.References

1. Lukkunaprasit, P., Ruangrassamee, A., Boonyatee, T., Chintanapakdee, C., Jankaew, K., Thanasisathit, N., Chandrangsu, T. (2015). Performance of structures in the MW 6.1 mae lao earthquake in Thailand on May 5, 2014, and implications for future construction. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 20: pp 219-42.
2. Kazemi MT., Morshed R. (2005). Seismic shear strengthening of R/C columns with ferrocement jacket. Cement & Concrete Composites, 27: 834–42.
3. Leeanansaksiri, A., Panyakapo, P., Ruangrassme, A. (2018). Seismic capacity of masonry infilled RC frame strengthening with expanded metal ferrocement. Engineering Structures, 159, pp.110-27.
4. Longthong, S., Panyakapo, P. and Ruangrassamee, A. (2020). Seismic Strengthening of RC Frame and Brick Infill Panel using Ferrocement and Expanded Metal. Engineering Journal, 24 (3), pp. 45-59.
5. Li, B. and Lam E. S. S. (2018). Influence of interfacial characteristics on the shear bond behavior between concrete and ferrocement. Construction and Building Materials, 176, pp. 462–469.
6. Panyamul, S., Panyakapo, P., Ruangrassame, A. (2019). Seismic shear strengthening of reinforced concrete short columns using ferrocement with expanded metal, Engineering Journal, 23 (6), pp. 175–189.
7. Salinas, S., Guzman, A., Carrillo, J. (2021). Performance evaluation of structures with reinforced concrete columns retrofitted with steel jacketing. Journal of Building Engineering, 33.
8. P. (2021). Seismic analysis of RC frame with brick infill panel strengthened by steel cage and expanded metal. Engineering Journal, 25 (4), pp.29-44.
9. Amornpunyapat, R., Panyakapo P. and Panyakapo, M. (2021). Development of Lightweight Concrete Interlocking Block Panel with Water Treatment Sludge and Expanded Metal Ferrocement, Engineering Journal, 25(1), pp. 81-97.
10. Saneinejad A, Hobbs B. (1995). Inelastic design of infilled frames, Journal of Structural Engineering. ASCE, 6682: pp. 634-50.
11. Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning. (2018). Building design standards for seismic resistance; DPT. standard 1301/1302-61.
12. Carr A. J. (2006). RUAUMOKO computer program. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
13. Saiidi, M., Sozen M. A. (1979). Simple and complex models for nonlinear seismic response of reinforced concrete structures. Report UILU – ENG-79-2031, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, I LLINOIS, August.
14. W. G. (1987). The seismic design of plywood sheathed shear walls, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of civil engineering, University of Canterbury.
15. Park, Y. J. and Ang, A. H. (1985). Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete. Journal of Structure Engineering, ASCE, 111(4): pp. 722-739

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

Dear Authors, 

Your current manuscript is missing "Materials and Methods" section. Please complete your manuscript and may submit again.

In case if that was an intended formatting, please remove the unnecessary "writing guidance" words from the empty section.

I may be rejecting this submission for this reason, but please complete it and submit again if you would like to.

An additional comment may be, please address these concerns:

1. Compared to finite element analyses, can you argue your analytic models can be applicable to typical commercial structures? The engineering consequence of this research is tremendously important, as it may determine the survival rate of human inside the building should an earthquake occurs. If more rigorous computational model is necessary, our research should comment on that. Please evaluate critically of your model, that if one can actually rely solely on your model to reinforce their building, without consulting a finite element method simulation.

2. Could you comment on the impact of added weight due to the reinforcement? Can you draw a guideline of how to define a sweet spot between earthquake safety versus overweight concerns?

I look forward to finding your revision. Thank you.

Best regards,

peer reviewer

Author Response

1.Material and Method

           Material in this study namely computer, computer program ETAB, Microsoft office and Auto cad program for seismic resistant analysis model in 3 stories concrete building structure that reinforced at columns, beams and walls using ferrocement and expanded metal model as show in Figure 2-4 and seismic resistant analysis by nonlinear static method (pushover analysis) to comparison the results of reinforcing columns, beams and walls with original building structure. This case set hypothetical building which located in Wang Chin district, Phrase province: Thailand. This location is severe earthquake area and has response spectral acceleration =1.086, =0.275 (DPT. standard 1301/1302-61). Methods in this study as show in Figure 1.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

English language edits can be incorporated during proofreading. 

Author Response

Thank you very much.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

After revision, the paper status can meet the published requirements of the Journal.

Author Response

Thank you very much

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

Dear Authors, 

I appreciate the Methodology section that is included to the revised version.

I would have little objection to accept this manuscript in its present form.

However, I would still want to learn how this analytical model compares to a finite element method. It is likely that the length scale covered by the finite element method may be strictly limited. Still, it is nice to have some discussion over the applicability of this simpler model on an actual commercial structure. 

In addition, I would recommend having a English writer to review the manuscript. Phrases like, "The study result found that the maximum resistance strength of the reinforcement structure is higher than the design value approximately 14 percentages", for example, you may add "by" before 14 percentages. Besides grammar, I believe having this reviewed by a native English speaker can help make the expressions more natural (familiar to typical English speaker). 

Nice work on this important topic. Keep up the nice work!

Author Response

Dear Review, Thank you very much.

Abstract: This article presents a study of the use of ferrocement and expanded metal in the columns, beams and walls of a reinforced concrete building structure to increase its seismic resistance. This study focused on a concrete building with three stories, located in Thailand. In the design of the reinforcement structure, a calculation and analysis of seismic resistance were conducted in a comparison of the original concrete building structure with the reinforced concrete building structure using the nonlinear static force method (pushover analysis method). The results showed that the seismic resistance of the reinforced concrete building structure was higher than the design value (DPT), with different seismic resistance values for the reinforced frames, columns, and walls of approximately 14%, 81%, and 19%. In particular, it had increased stiffness values for the frames, columns, and walls and increased ductility value for the walls. Moreover, the seismic resistances values originating from the reinforcement were significantly higher than those of the concrete building structure. Therefore, reinforcement should be applied to all concrete building structures with the implementation of the damage index, ensuring that it is reduced to the allowable level.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf