High-Resolution Estimation of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity via Upscaling and Karhunen–Loève Expansion within DREAM(ZS)
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsComments and Suggestions for Authors
Dear Authors,
The article titled " High-Resolution Estimation of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity via Upscaling and KL Expansion within DREAM(ZS)" is a valuable scientific material. This publication presented a solution to the numerical problem and an extension of the methodology for the spatial parameter of permeability of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity. This sector has achieved significant increase in research, investment and development of infrastructure and agriculture around the world. In addition, it can provide valuable knowledge about the mechanisms of the behavior of fully saturated soil. The first and second chapters include the introduction literature reviews on research development and computational approaches (analytical and methodological) related to Bayesian DREAM(zs) optimization and the Karhunen-Loève (KL) expansion is a technique used in data analysis to represent a data set in a more efficient way by decomposing the data into a set of simpler, uncorrelated functions capturing the most significant variations within the data. In the second chapter, the authors presented the Methodologies (Fig. 1) (2.1. Soil water flow modeling; 2.2. Upscaling method; 2.3. KL Expansion; 2.4. Bayesian Inference with DREAM(ZS)). In chapter 3 (Fig. 2a, 2b, 2c, Fig. 3) the authors presented Setup for Downscaling Simulations (3.1. Parameter Settings for Soil Profiles; 3.2. Settings for the Fine- and Coarse- Scale Grids; 3.3. Settings for the Observations ). In the preceding chapter (Chapter 4) (Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7), the authors presented Simulation Results and Discussions (4.1. Presentation of case results; 4.2. Effects of the Coarse- and fine-scale Grid Ratios; 4.3. Effects of the Spatial Distribution of the Ks Field; 4.4. Impact of Observation Site Density).
In the last chapter of this paper, the authors presented the most important summary from the obtained research results and references.
Overall, the study is fine for publication after a minor correction. The paper can be published after some corrections.
With kind regards
The article concerns an important and contemporary problem of numerical analysis providing verification of results obtained by the analytical and numerical methods. Continuously adding new data sets from the next observation.
Response: Please provide your response for all points. (in red)
1. In the reviewer's opinion, the abstract is OK.
2. According to the reviewer, the word keywords is OK
3. According to the reviewer, the conclusion is appropriate
4. According to the reviewer, the authors well planned and performed the selection of materials and the stages of creating individual studies based on numerical simulation, including the selection and methodology of preparing data sets. Research schedules were scrupulously followed.
5. In the reviewer's opinion, this paper has brought some novelty and complements those already existing solutions published in the literature since 1761. They can be commended for conducting a comprehensive study from which this proposal can be accepted worldwide.
6. According to the reviewer, the authors also well-defined flow problems and proposed various tools to solve the problem of porous media.
7. What are the suction pressure ranges used in this calculation?
8. To what extent and at what stage of the calculations did the authors take into account the swelling pressure?
9. What physical property of soil (soil type) did the authors use for calculation in this article?
10. For what value of the initial soil gradient (i0) did the authors use for calculation in this article?
11. At what stage of the calculations in this article did the authors obtain the correct values resulting from the water balance?
12. According to the reviewer, chapter 3 is very important. Because in this chapter most of the calculations are made, along with rectification and error elimination?
13. In the reviewer's opinion, the authors should arrange the articles by publication date „References” in the following order: from oldest to newest.Comments for author File: 
Comments.pdf
Author Response
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Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 2 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThis study is a High-Resolution Estimation of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity via Upscaling and KL Expansion within DREAM(ZS). Please find these comments to improve the readibility of the manuscript.
1 In the end of Introduction first paragraph write about that the uncertainty of ground permeability can result to significant change of porous medium response. And cite
C1 Uncertainty quantification of the convolutional neural networks on permeability estimation from micro-CT scanned sandstone and carbonate rock images☆
Author links open overlay panelSiyan Liu, Ming Fan, Dan Lu
C2 Uncertainty Quantification of Failure of Shallow Foundation on Clayey Soils with a Modified Cam-Clay Yield Criterion and Stochastic FEM
by Ambrosios-Antonios Savvides *ORCID andManolis PapadrakakisC2
2 DREAM software: if there is a direct link to redirect to the software website please add it.
3 Kirchoff Transformation. A reference of the state if the art is useful same as Richards equation and Karhunen Love series.
4 The values of θr and θs are dimensionless? m^3 m^-3 is confusing. Please clarify
5 line 143 ξ is random variable. And if it is Gaussian Random field that you represent ξ is a set of standard normal random variables. Also the integral equation for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is the Fredholm problem. Please incorporate all these in the revised manuscript.
6 line 180 eh is a random number or random variable? Make the clarification
7 Consider placing the Figures in the right position. They are not too many so there will be increased readibility.
Comments on the Quality of English LanguageNA
Author Response
Please see the attachment.
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
