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Article

Co-Existence of Dry Mouth, Xerostomia, and Focal Lymphocytic Sialadenitis in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome

by
Katarzyna Błochowiak
Department of Oral Surgery, Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5451; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135451
Submission received: 23 May 2024 / Revised: 20 June 2024 / Accepted: 21 June 2024 / Published: 23 June 2024

Abstract

Background: Some patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) do not develop xerostomia despite advanced involvement of the salivary glands and the presence of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS). The aim of the study is to determine possible correlations between xerostomia, symptoms of sicca syndrome, FLS, and other features in SS patients. Methods: The study group comprised 50 patients with SS. The comprehensive assessment of patients included clinical, laboratory, and serological examinations. All patients underwent labial salivary gland biopsies. Dry mouth and dry eyes were assessed by unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (USWSF) and Schirmer’s test, respectively. Results: Xerostomia and xerophthalmia are closely related components of sicca syndrome. Xerostomia did not correlate with any serological or laboratory values, including ANA titers, SSA, SSB, Ro52 antibodies, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. There were no correlations between xerostomia and FLS or Focus score. USWSF results correlated with xerostomia reported by patients, contrary to Schirmer’s test, which did not correlate with xerophthalmia. Conclusions: Dry mouth in SS is independent of any serological or inflammatory parameters. The occurrence of FLS does not determine xerostomia and its severity. Dry mouth in SS is influenced by other undetermined factors and mechanisms independent of salivary gland involvement.
Keywords: Sjögren’s syndrome; xerostomia; focal lymphocytic sialadenitis; labial salivary gland biopsy; sialometry Sjögren’s syndrome; xerostomia; focal lymphocytic sialadenitis; labial salivary gland biopsy; sialometry

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MDPI and ACS Style

Błochowiak, K. Co-Existence of Dry Mouth, Xerostomia, and Focal Lymphocytic Sialadenitis in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 5451. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135451

AMA Style

Błochowiak K. Co-Existence of Dry Mouth, Xerostomia, and Focal Lymphocytic Sialadenitis in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(13):5451. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135451

Chicago/Turabian Style

Błochowiak, Katarzyna. 2024. "Co-Existence of Dry Mouth, Xerostomia, and Focal Lymphocytic Sialadenitis in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome" Applied Sciences 14, no. 13: 5451. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135451

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