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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Oxidative Modifications of Proteins and Lipids of Dried Semen, Urine, and Saliva Stains as a Function of Age in Forensic Context
by
Nihad Achetib
Nihad Achetib 1,2,†
,
Rosa E. Otto
Rosa E. Otto 1,†,
Maurice C. G. Aalders
Maurice C. G. Aalders 1,2,3
and
Annemieke van Dam
Annemieke van Dam 1,2,4,*
1
Department Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Location AMC, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2
Methodology Research Program, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3
Co van Ledden Hulsebosch Center (CLHC), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4
Department Forensic Science, Amsterdam University of Applied Science, Tafelbergweg 51, 1105 BD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6657; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156657 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 12 June 2024
/
Revised: 18 July 2024
/
Accepted: 26 July 2024
/
Published: 30 July 2024
Abstract
Knowledge of the time of deposition is pivotal in forensic investigations. Recent studies show that changes in intrinsic fluorescence over time can be used to estimate the age of body fluids. These changes have been attributed to oxidative modifications caused by protein–lipid interactions. This pilot study aims to explore the impact of these modifications on body fluid fluorescence, enhancing the protein–lipid model system for age estimation. Lipid and protein oxidation markers, including protein carbonyls, dityrosine, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), were studied in aging semen, urine, and saliva over 21 days. Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fluorescence spectroscopy were applied. Successful detection of AGE, dityrosine, MDA, and HNE occurred in semen and saliva via SPRi, while only dityrosine was detected in urine. Protein carbonyls were measured in all body fluids, but only in saliva was a significant increase observed over time. Additionally, protein fluorescence loss and fluorescent oxidation product formation were assessed, showing significant decreases in semen and saliva, but not in urine. Although optimization is needed for accurate quantification, this study reveals detectable markers for protein and lipid oxidation in aging body fluids, warranting further investigation.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Achetib, N.; Otto, R.E.; Aalders, M.C.G.; van Dam, A.
Oxidative Modifications of Proteins and Lipids of Dried Semen, Urine, and Saliva Stains as a Function of Age in Forensic Context. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 6657.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156657
AMA Style
Achetib N, Otto RE, Aalders MCG, van Dam A.
Oxidative Modifications of Proteins and Lipids of Dried Semen, Urine, and Saliva Stains as a Function of Age in Forensic Context. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(15):6657.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156657
Chicago/Turabian Style
Achetib, Nihad, Rosa E. Otto, Maurice C. G. Aalders, and Annemieke van Dam.
2024. "Oxidative Modifications of Proteins and Lipids of Dried Semen, Urine, and Saliva Stains as a Function of Age in Forensic Context" Applied Sciences 14, no. 15: 6657.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156657
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