Fast Optimization of the Installation Position of 5G-R Antenna on the Train Roof
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Coupling Coefficient Data
3. A Fast Prediction Model for the Coupling Coefficient
3.1. Setting of Prediction Model for the Coupling Coefficient
Frequency (GHz) | Coupling Coefficient (Max) | Coupling Coefficient (Min) | Difference Value (dB) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Position (X, Y) (m) | Value (dB) | Position (X, Y) (m) | Value (dB) | ||
0.9 | 20, 0.4 | −50.10 | 14, 0.8 | −69.77 | 19.67 |
1.5 | 25, 0.1 | −52.75 | 15, 0.8 | −73.64 | 20.89 |
2.0 | 3, 0.4 | −30.4 | 15, 0.2 | −56.36 | 25.96 |
3.2. Structure of the MEA-BPNN
3.3. Structure of the PSO-ELM
3.4. Structure of the MMNN
3.5. Prediction Model of Coupling Coefficient Based on MMNN
3.6. Prediction Results and Errors
3.6.1. Prediction Results and Errors of MNN1 Prediction Model
3.6.2. Prediction Results and Errors of MNN2 Prediction Model
3.6.3. Prediction Results and Errors of Prediction Model Based on MMNN
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Installation Position (X, Y) (m) | Port of Monopole Antenna (1.268 GHz) | Port of Monopole Antenna (2 GHz) |
---|---|---|
(3, 0) | −43.52 dB | −50.21 dB |
(5, 0) | −41.82 dB | −58.55 dB |
(3, 0.5) | −49.27 dB | −63.46 dB |
Position (X, Y) (m) | Frequency (GHz) | Coupling Coefficient (dB) |
---|---|---|
1, 0 | 0.9 | −59.9 |
25, 0 | 0.9 | −65.4 |
24, 1 | 2.0 | −63.8 |
25, 1 | 2.0 | −53.7 |
Frequency (GHz) | Coupling Coefficient (Max) | Coupling Coefficient (Min) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Position (X, Y) (m) | MLA (dBi) | MLD (°) | Position (X, Y) (m) | MLA (dBi) | MLD (°) | |
0.9 | 20, 0.4 | 4.96 | 71.0 | 14, 0.8 | 5.24 | 62.0 |
1.5 | 25, 0.1 | 4.98 | 61.0 | 15, 0.8 | 5.00 | 65.0 |
2.0 | 3, 0.4 | 6.81 | 65.0 | 15, 0.2 | 6.73 | 50.0 |
X ≤ 3 m | 3 m < X ≤ 14 m | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSE | MAE | PREMax | MSE | MAE | PREMax | |
Sub-NN1 (BP) | 0.005 | 0.063 | 0.28% | 0.212 | 0.385 | 1.90% |
Sub-NN2 (MEA-BP) | 0.005 | 0.055 | 0.31% | 0.006 | 0.066 | 0.33% |
X ≤ 14 m | 14 m < X ≤ 25 m | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSE | MAE | PREMax | MSE | MAE | PREMax | |
MNN1 | 0.009 | 0.081 | 0.31% | 1.062 | 0.863 | 3.33% |
Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Acceleration factor c1 | 2.49445 |
Acceleration factor c2 | 2.49445 |
Number of iterations | 200 |
Maximum velocity | 1 |
Minimum velocity | −1 |
Maximum position | 5 |
Minimum position | −5 |
0.8 m ≤ Y ≤ 1 m (14 m < X ≤ 25 m) | Y < 0.8 m (14 m < X ≤ 25 m) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSE | MAE | PREMax | MSE | MAE | PREMax | |
Sub-NN3 (ELM) | 0.003 | 0.041 | 2.11% | 0.006 | 0.072 | 3.32% |
Sub-NN4 (PSO-ELM) | 0.001 | 0.032 | 1.93% | 0.003 | 0.043 | 2.14% |
X ≤ 14 m | 14 m < X ≤ 25 m | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSE | MAE | PREMax | MSE | MAE | PREMax | |
MNN2 | 0.361 | 0.511 | 1.95% | 0.438 | 0.557 | 2.12% |
Frequency (GHz) | MSE | MAE | PREMax |
---|---|---|---|
0.9 | 0.003 | 0.037 | 1.90% |
1.5 | 0.003 | 0.040 | 2.01% |
2.0 | 0.002 | 0.033 | 1.52% |
Prediction Model | MSE | MAE | PREMax |
---|---|---|---|
MMNN | 0.002 | 0.033 | 1.52% |
BP | 0.008 | 0.073 | 3.23% |
MEA-BP | 0.004 | 0.056 | 2.51% |
ELM | 0.005 | 0.060 | 3.06% |
PSO-ELM | 0.004 | 0.058 | 2.35% |
Computation Time | Storage Space | Coupling Coefficient (dB) | PRE | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Electromagnetic simulation | 41 min | 352 MB | −60.21 | 2.01% |
Prediction model (MMNN) | 68 s | 3.2 MB | −61.42 |
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Bai, Y.; Ren, J.; Wen, Y. Fast Optimization of the Installation Position of 5G-R Antenna on the Train Roof. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 6954. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14166954
Bai Y, Ren J, Wen Y. Fast Optimization of the Installation Position of 5G-R Antenna on the Train Roof. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):6954. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14166954
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai, Yu, Jie Ren, and Yinghong Wen. 2024. "Fast Optimization of the Installation Position of 5G-R Antenna on the Train Roof" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 6954. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14166954
APA StyleBai, Y., Ren, J., & Wen, Y. (2024). Fast Optimization of the Installation Position of 5G-R Antenna on the Train Roof. Applied Sciences, 14(16), 6954. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14166954