Relationships between Anthropometric and Strength Profiles of Streetlifting Athletes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Anthropometric and Performance Assessments
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Anthropometric Characteristics and Body Composition
3.2. Relationships between Anthropometrics, Body Composition and Streetlifting Performance
3.3. Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Female | Male | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Categories | −57 | −63 | −69 | −66 | −74 | −83 | −93 | +93 |
Participants | (n = 8) | (n = 8) | (n = 3) | (n = 12) | (n = 13) | (n = 14) | (n = 16) | (n = 5) |
Individual characteristics | ||||||||
Age (years) | 28.7 ± 9.6 | 27.2 ± 9.5 | 35.3 ± 10.9 | 23.6 ± 4.9 | 24.4 ± 3.4 | 27.3 ± 4.9 | 25.0 ± 5.7 | 25.4 ±1.6 |
Experience (years) | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 7.0 ± 4.3 | 5.9 ± 3.3 | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 8.2 ± 4.9 | 5.8 ± 3.6 | 7.4 ± 2.4 |
Training volume (min) | 502.5 ± 109.6 | 596.2 ± 129.7 | 520.1 ± 138.5 | 577.5 ± 145.9 | 633.8 ± 195.6 | 790.8 ± 246.1 | 723.7 ± 173.5 | 906.0 ± 116.9 |
Height (cm) | 155.4 ± 3.5 | 164.7 ± 3.7 | 161.6 ± 3.7 | 167.0 ± 2.5 | 173.2 ± 3.5 | 175.8 ± 4.9 | 179.6 ± 3.4 | 184.8 ± 6.1 |
Body mass (kg) | 51.62 ± 1.8 | 60.0 ± 1.5 | 65.4 ± 3.1 | 64.1 ± 2.7 | 69.9 ± 2.2 | 78.4 ± 2.6 | 86.2 ± 3.0 | 99.4 ± 8.1 |
Girths (cm) | ||||||||
Flexed and tensed arm | 28.7 ± 1.3 | 30.7 ± 1.1 | 34.0 ± 2.0 | 35.6 ± 1.5 | 37.8 ± 1.2 | 39.0 ± 1.2 | 40.3 ± 1.9 | 43.1 ± 1.5 |
Forearm | 23.4 ± 0.5 | 24.8 ± 0.7 | 26.1 ± 0.8 | 27.9 ± 0.8 | 29.2 ± 0.9 | 29.7 ± 1.0 | 31.0 ± 1.0 | 32.0 ± 1.1 |
Chest | 89.2 ± 4.8 | 92.7 ± 3.9 | 96.7 ± 6.3 | 100.2 ± 3.7 | 104.9 ± 3.0 | 108.7 ± 2.2 | 111.6 ± 3.7 | 119.6 ± 1.8 |
Hip | 72.0 ± 4.5 | 75.7 ± 2.3 | 79.5 ± 3.4 | 78.4 ± 2.8 | 80.6 ± 2.7 | 83.2 ± 2.7 | 86.2 ± 4.8 | 95.0 ± 6.4 |
Thigh | 53.9 ± 2.0 | 56.1 ± 1.6 | 58.3 ± 1.3 | 53.6 ± 2.3 | 54.75 ± 2.4 | 58.5 ± 2.5 | 61.9 ± 2.6 | 65.8 ± 2.1 |
Calf | 34.5 ± 2.0 | 35.5 ± 0.5 | 37.1 ± 0.5 | 35.0 ± 1.0 | 36.2 ± 1.5 | 37.7 ± 1.5 | 38.5 ± 1.5 | 40.5 ± 1.0 |
Lengths (cm) | ||||||||
Upper arm | 32.2 ± 0.9 | 34.0 ± 0.9 | 33.8 ± 0.4 | 34.7 ± 1.2 | 36.3 ± 1.6 | 37.0 ± 1.7 | 38.4 ± 0.9 | 39.4 ± 1.8 |
Forearm | 23.5 ± 0.9 | 25.0 ± 0.7 | 24.8 ± 0.7 | 25.6 ± 1.0 | 26.7 ± 0.7 | 27.6 ± 1.2 | 28.0 ± 0.8 | 28.8 ± 2.2 |
Femur | 36.8 ± 2.5 | 40.6 ± 1.6 | 38.7 ± 0.4 | 37.7 ± 0.9 | 39.9 ± 2.1 | 41.6 ± 2.0 | 42.5 ± 2.2 | 44.2 ± 1.3 |
Tibia | 33.2 ± 1.3 | 36.2 ± 0.8 | 35.5 ± 1.5 | 35.6 ± 1.3 | 37.3 ± 2.1 | 38.9 ± 1.9 | 39.9 ± 1.3 | 39.5 ± 1.6 |
Breadths (cm) | ||||||||
Biepicondylar humerus | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.0 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 0.2 | 6.6 ± 0.3 | 6.8 ± 0.3 | 6.8 ± 0.4 |
Biepicondylar femur | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 9.2 ± 0.4 | 9.0 ± 0.6 | 9.4 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.8 | 9.6 ± 0.5 | 10.1 ± 0.2 |
Bi-acromial | 31.1 ± 1.9 | 31.5 ± 1.9 | 31.6 ± 2.4 | 35.5 ± 1.9 | 35.3 ± 1.2 | 37.6 ± 2.8 | 36.8 ± 1.8 | 38.5 ± 1.4 |
Bi-iliocristal | 23.9 ± 1.4 | 24.8 ± 1.0 | 25.9 ± 0.9 | 25.6 ± 1.2 | 26.6 ± 1.5 | 27.7 ± 2.9 | 26.8 ± 1.6 | 29.1 ± 2.5 |
Skinfolds (mm) | ||||||||
Triceps | 14.4 ± 4.0 | 12.8 ± 3.8 | 19.1 ± 5.1 | 5.9 ± 2.0 | 6.0 ± 1.7 | 6.7 ± 2.1 | 7.7 ± 2.2 | 11.8 ± 4.5 |
Abdominal | 11.0 ± 3.9 | 10.3 ± 3.6 | 17.8 ± 2.8 | 7.3 ± 2.0 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 9.2 ± 3.1 | 10.1 ± 4.7 | 18.7 ± 3.7 |
Subscapular | 9.6 ± 1.3 | 11.3 ± 2.6 | 13.3 ± 3.2 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 8.5 ± 1.2 | 9.9 ± 2.0 | 10.7 ± 2.3 | 18.5 ± 8.8 |
Supraspinal | 9.1 ± 2.9 | 9.5 ± 3.4 | 12.9 ± 3.8 | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 2.1 | 9.4 ± 3.2 | 11.1 ± 3.9 | 15.8 ± 5.0 |
Calf | 12.9 ± 3.1 | 15.7 ± 4.9 | 17.0 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 2.1 | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 6.9 ± 2.2 | 7.3 ± 2.2 | 12.0 ± 5.4 |
Thigh | 20.9 ± 3.6 | 20.9 ± 5.4 | 27.4 ± 3.9 | 7.4 ± 2.2 | 7.8 ± 2.6 | 10.1 ± 2.3 | 12.01 ± 5.2 | 16.4 ± 5.7 |
Performance (kg) | ||||||||
Chin-ups | 24.7 ± 7.5 | 25.8 ± 9.3 | 28.7 ± 14.4 | 67.4 ± 11.6 | 71.9 ± 9.1 | 69.1 ± 10.7 | 69.8 ± 11.2 | 80.0 ± 18.3 |
Dips | 37.1 ± 8.9 | 42.1 ± 8.6 | 42.5 ± 10.8 | 94.0 ± 14.1 | 105 ± 13.4 | 102.6 ± 18.4 | 102.7 ± 16.7 | 125.0 ± 20.0 |
Muscle-ups | / | / | / | 21.04 ± 7.4 | 26.8 ± 8.2 | 21.3 ± 8.3 | 21.0 ± 8.4 | 23.0 ± 9.0 |
Squat | 101.8 ± 17.1 | 106.5 ± 25.7 | 113.3 ± 20.8 | 153.0 ± 31.0 | 158.4 ± 31.1 | 165.4 ± 29.1 | 191.0 ± 26.8 | 221.0 ± 28.8 |
Total | 163.7 ± 29.3 | 174.5 ± 37.9 | 184.5 ± 45.1 | 335.5 ± 53.4 | 362.2 ± 43.0 | 358.6 ± 53.1 | 384.6 ± 49.3 | 449.0 ± 62.7 |
Variable | Female | Male | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Categories | −57 | −63 | −69 | −66 | −74 | −83 | −93 | +93 |
Participants | (n = 8) | (n = 8) | (n = 3) | (n = 12) | (n = 13) | (n = 14) | (n = 16) | (n = 5) |
Body composition | ||||||||
Body fat (%) | 20.4 ± 2.5 | 19.8 ± 2.6 | 24.8 ± 1.5 | 7.7 ± 0.9 | 7.5 ± 1.3 | 8.9 ± 1.6 | 9.9 ± 2.6 | 14.2 ± 2.9 |
Fat-free mass (kg) | 41.09 ± 2.3 | 48.0 ± 1.8 | 49.1 ± 2.2 | 59.1 ± 2.5 | 64.6 ± 2.3 | 71.4 ± 2.3 | 77.6 ± 1.9 | 85.2 ± 6.5 |
AMA (cm2) | 40.5 ± 7.5 | 50.4 ± 8.6 | 56.3 ± 10.6 | 81.0 ± 8.7 | 93.0 ± 8.2 | 98.6 ± 9.5 | 105.1 ± 14.3 | 114.0 ± 9.3 |
tCSA (cm2) | 127.6 ± 12.3 | 138.1 ± 9.9 | 134.4 ± 3.1 | 154.4 ± 10.0 | 158.7 ± 11.9 | 171.8 ± 11.1 | 183.8 ± 10.7 | 192.9 ± 12.9 |
Somatotype | ||||||||
Endomorphy | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 1.3 |
Mesomorphy | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 6.5 ± 0.9 |
Ectomorphy | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.2 |
Indices | ||||||||
AL/H (%) | 35.8 ± 0.6 | 35.8 ± 0.7 | 36.3 ± 0.5 | 36.1 ± 1.2 | 36.4 ± 0.7 | 36.7 ± 0.9 | 36.9 ± 0.7 | 36.9 ± 1.0 |
Brachial (%) | 72.9 ± 2.7 | 73.5 ± 2.4 | 73.3 ± 2.9 | 73.6 ± 3.0 | 73.6 ± 2.5 | 74.5 ± 1.7 | 73.0 ± 2.8 | 73.3 ± 5.3 |
Crural (%) | 90.4 ± 5.0 | 89.0 ± 3.2 | 91.5 ± 3.0 | 94.3 ± 3.5 | 93.5 ± 5.7 | 93.6 ± 3.4 | 93.9 ± 4.2 | 89.4 ± 3.5 |
Brugsch’s (%) | 57.4 ± 3.0 | 56.3 ± 2.4 | 59.8 ± 3.3 | 60.0 ± 2.5 | 60.6 ± 2.6 | 61.8 ± 2.3 | 62.1 ± 2.6 | 64.7 ± 2.5 |
Acromio-iliac (%) | 76.9 ± 4.5 | 79.1 ± 6.4 | 82.1 ± 3.7 | 72.1 ± 2.8 | 75.4 ± 4.8 | 73.8 ± 5.4 | 72.8 ± 4.7 | 75.8 ± 7.0 |
Relative strength | ||||||||
Chin-up/body mass (%) | 48.0 ± 14.4 | 43.4 ± 15.8 | 43.3 ± 20.6 | 104.8 ± 16.0 | 103.2 ± 15.1 | 88.4 ± 14.7 | 80.9 ± 13.6 | 80.0 ± 14.2 |
Dip/body mass (%) | 72.1 ± 18.1 | 70.4 ± 14.4 | 64.3 ± 14.2 | 146.4 ± 19.5 | 150.3 ± 19.7 | 131.0 ± 24.6 | 119.6 ± 21.6 | 125.0 ± 9.9 |
Muscle-up/body mass (%) | / | / | / | 32.6 ± 10.7 | 38.8 ± 12. | 27.3 ± 10.9 | 24.5 ± 10.2 | 23.6 ± 9.6 |
Squat/body mass (%) | 197.1 ± 3.14 | 177.6 ± 42.4 | 172.3 ± 25.7 | 237.9 ± 44.5 | 226.3 ± 42.1 | 211.3 ± 38.2 | 221.7 ± 31.5 | 222.2 ± 21.7 |
Corrected performance | ||||||||
Chin-up corrected (kg) | 76.3 ± 8.3 | 85.8 ± 9.3 | 94.2 ± 17.5 | 131.5 ± 13.3 | 141.8 ± 8.3 | 147.6 ± 10.2 | 156.0 ± 11.2 | 179.4 ± 25.1 |
Dips corrected (kg) | 88.7 ± 9.0 | 102.1 ± 8.8 | 107.9 ± 13.9 | 158.2 ± 15.7 | 174.9 ± 13.6 | 181.1 ± 18.1 | 189.0 ± 15.7 | 224.4 ± 27.8 |
Muscle-ups corrected (kg) | / | / | / | 85.2 ± 9.3 | 96.8 ± 7.1 | 99.7 ± 7.6 | 107.3 ± 8.4 | 122. 4 ± 11.2 |
Squat corrected (kg) | 153.5 ± 17.8 | 166.5 ± 25.8 | 178.8 ± 23.6 | 217.2 ± 32.3 | 228.4 ± 32.1 | 244.0 ± 29.0 | 277.3 ± 26.5 | 320.4 ± 34.9 |
Total corrected (kg) | 318.6 ± 31.2 | 354.5 ± 38.2 | 381.0 ± 54.1 | 592.2 ± 60.5 | 642.0 ± 44.5 | 672.5 ± 51.6 | 729.7 ± 48.6 | 846.9 ± 91.4 |
Partial Correlation Accounted for Sex and Body Weight Categories | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Chin-Up | Dip | Muscle-Up | Squat |
Body mass | 0.00 | −0.04 | 0.29 * | 0.32 ** |
Height | 0.15 | −0.07 | 0.06 | −0.28 ** |
Girths (cm) | ||||
Flex and tensed arm | 0.47 *** | 0.60 *** | 0.43 *** | 0.16 |
Forearm | 0.35 ** | 0.54 *** | 0.26 * | 0.19 |
Chest | 0.40 *** | 0.41 *** | 0.44 *** | 0.37 ** |
Hip | −0.05 | −0.05 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
Thigh | −0.19 | −0.23 * | 0.04 | 0.44 *** |
Calf | −0.23 * | −0.33 ** | −0.00 | 0.06 |
Length (cm) | ||||
Upper arm | −0.01 | −0.18 | 0.19 | −0.29 * |
Forearm | 0.16 | −0.038 | −0.00 | −0.18 |
Femur | −0.21 | −0.31 ** | −0.19 | −0.24 * |
Tibia | −0.05 | −0.34 ** | 0.05 | −0.32 ** |
Breadths(cm) | ||||
Humerus | 0.07 | 0.22 | −0.03 | −0.10 |
Femur | −0.20 | −0.11 | −0.10 | −0.09 |
Bi-acromial | 0.15 | 0.17 | −0.09 | 0.05 |
Bi-iliac | −0.02 | −0.00 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Body composition | ||||
Body fat (%) | −0.42 *** | −0.42 *** | 0.02 | 0.04 |
Fat-free mass (kg) | 0.42 *** | 0.37 * | 0.30 * | 0.38 *** |
AMA (cm2) | 0.52 *** | 0.64 *** | 0.39 ** | 0.10 |
tCSA (cm2) | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.59 *** |
Somatotype | ||||
Endomoprhy | −0.32 ** | −0.28 * | −0.00 | 0.13 |
Mesomoprhy | 0.02 | 0.26 * | 0.06 | 0.17 |
Ectomoprhy | 0.13 | −0.03 | −0.11 | −0.47 *** |
Proportional indices | ||||
AL/H (%) | −0.04 | −0.11 | 0.11 | −0.12 |
Brachial (%) | 0.18 | 0.12 | −0.17 | 0.06 |
Crural (%) | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.24 | −0.01 |
Brugsch’s (%) | 0.25 * | 0.38 *** | 0.29 * | 0.45 *** |
Acro-iliac (%) | −0.17 | −0.16 | 0.11 | −0.02 |
Performance | Prediction Equations | R2 | RMSE |
---|---|---|---|
Corrected Chin-up | −110.375 + (3.088 × tensed and flexed arm girth) + (1.383 × chest girth) − (1.226 × %bodyfat) | 0.89 | 11.14 |
Corrected Dip | −113.455 + (7.880 × tensed and flexed arm girth) − (1.305 × %bodyfat) | 0.90 | 13.58 |
Corrected Muscle-up | −79.593 + (1.059 × chest girth) + (1.688 × tensed and flexed arm girth) | 0.66 | 7.707 |
Corrected Squat | −94.110 + (1.931 × tCSA) + (15.420 × sex) | 0.81 | 24.081 |
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Rosaci, G.; Latini, D.; Bartolomei, S.; Nigro, F. Relationships between Anthropometric and Strength Profiles of Streetlifting Athletes. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7172. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167172
Rosaci G, Latini D, Bartolomei S, Nigro F. Relationships between Anthropometric and Strength Profiles of Streetlifting Athletes. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7172. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167172
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosaci, Giuseppe, Davide Latini, Sandro Bartolomei, and Federico Nigro. 2024. "Relationships between Anthropometric and Strength Profiles of Streetlifting Athletes" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7172. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167172