Multi-Objective Optimization of Crashworthiness of Shrink Tube Energy Absorption Structure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geometry and Finite Element Modeling
2.1. Shrink Tube Anti-Climb Structure
2.2. Finite Element Modeling
3. Test Verification and Crashworthiness Evaluation
3.1. Test Verification
3.2. Evaluation Index
4. Main Causes and Response Surface Analysis
4.1. Design of Experiments
4.2. Analysis of the Main Causes
4.3. Response Surface Modelling and Agent Modelling
5. Multi-Objective Optimization
5.1. Optimal Algorithm
5.2. Optimization Objectives and Boundary Conditions
5.3. Optimization Results
5.4. Comparison of Crashworthiness
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The effects of the cone angle, shrink tube thickness, friction coefficient and friction cone axial length on the crashworthiness of the shrink tube were studied, and the main causes were analyzed. It was found that the cone angle and thickness had the greatest impact on crashworthiness. Within the variable design interval, the mean force increased by 476.42% and 515.72% with the thickness and angle, respectively, and the specific energy absorption increased by 58.59% and 531.19% with the thickness and angle, respectively.
- (2)
- The global response surface method was used to perform multi-objective optimization on the structural parameters of the shrink tube. Among the optimal structural parameters obtained, the cone angle was 20.2°, the tube wall thickness was 7.1 mm, the friction coefficient was 0.1 and the friction cone axial direction length was 25 mm. After optimization, the specific absorption energy was 29.73 kJ (kg)−1, which was 31.03% higher than before optimization.
- (3)
- The mean force obtained through surrogate model optimization was 613.23 kN. The mean force obtained by simulating the optimal structural parameters was 605.32 kN. The mean force error was 1.31%, which shows that the surrogate model has high accuracy.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mesh Size/mm | Mean Force/kN | Relative Error (%) |
---|---|---|
5 × 5 × 5 | 700 | 22.16 |
4 × 4 × 4 | 587 | 2.44 |
3 × 3 × 3 | 573 | - |
Variable Names | Cone Angle α/° | Thicknesses T/mm | Friction Coefficient u | Axial Length S/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable values | 5, 15, 25 | 3, 6, 9, 12 | 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1 | 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 |
Variant | R2 | Eraa | Erms |
---|---|---|---|
FPC | 0.999 | 0.007 | 7.789 |
FMC | 0.991 | 0.052 | 18.986 |
ESA | 0.999 | 0.008 | 0.133 |
Indicator | FPC/kN | ESA/(kJ/kg) | FMC/kN |
---|---|---|---|
optimal value | 658.16 | 29.73 | 613.23 |
simulation value | 648.71 | 29.34 | 605.32 |
errors | 1.46% | 1.33% | 1.31% |
Indicator | ESA/(kJ/kg) | EA/kJ | FPC/kN | EIF/% | FMC/kN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
original value | 22.69 | 220.78 | 624.41 | 93.05 | 581.01 |
optimal value | 29.73 | 233.03 | 658.16 | 93.17 | 613.23 |
elevation | 31.03% | 5.5% | 5.41% | 0.13% | 5.55% |
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Zou, F.; Yao, S. Multi-Objective Optimization of Crashworthiness of Shrink Tube Energy Absorption Structure. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7347. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167347
Zou F, Yao S. Multi-Objective Optimization of Crashworthiness of Shrink Tube Energy Absorption Structure. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7347. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167347
Chicago/Turabian StyleZou, Fan, and Shuguang Yao. 2024. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Crashworthiness of Shrink Tube Energy Absorption Structure" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7347. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167347