Validity and Reliability of a Commercially Available Inertial Sensor for Measuring Barbell Mechanics during Weightlifting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Approach to the Problem
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Data Capture and Processing
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.5.1. Validity
2.5.2. Reliability
3. Results
3.1. Validity
3.2. Reliability
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase | Variable | Enode Mean ± SD [95% CI] | 3D Criterion Mean ± SD [95% CI] | Intercept [95% CI] | Slope [95% CI] | RSD [95% CI] | RSD (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st pull | v1 | 1.06 ± 0.18 [0.61–1.52] | 1.15 ± 0.2 [0.66–1.65] | −0.01 [−0.2–0.17] | 1.1 [0.94–1.29] | 0.04 [−0.08–0.08] | 4% |
x1 | 1.94 ± 1.65 [1.11–2.76] | 1.04 ± 1.52 [0.6–1.49] | −0.45 [−1.98–0.06] | 0.94 [0.64–1.73] | 0.88 [−1.73–1.73] | 45% | |
y1 | 25.96 ± 4.27 [14.86–37.06] | 30.95 ± 4.44 [17.72–44.18] | 1.01 [−38.03–14.61] | 1.17 [0.61–2.71] | 2.48 [−4.86–4.86] | 10% | |
Transition | vT | 1.51 ± 0.16 [0.86–2.15] | 1.51 ± 0.13 [0.87–2.16] | 0.23 [0–0.51] | 0.86 [0.67–1] | 0.03 [−0.05–0.05] | 2% |
xT | 5.3 ± 3.24 [3.04–7.57] | 3.68 ± 2.18 [2.11–5.26] | 0.75 [−1.67–1.6] | 0.63 [0.3–0.99] | 1.22 [−2.40–2.40] | 23% | |
yT | 50.33 ± 6.51 [28.81–71.85] | 51.03 ± 5.59 [29.21–72.84] | 12.7 [0.68–22.63] | 0.77 [0.58–1] | 1.61 [−3.15–3.15] | 3% | |
vLoss | 0.44 ± 0.18 [0.25–0.63] | 0.36 ± 0.15 [0.21–0.51] | −0.07 [−0.21–0.10] | 0.93 [0.55–1.31] | 0.07 [−0.14–0.14] | 47% | |
2nd Pull | v2 | 2.08 ± 0.16 [1.19–2.97] | 2 ± 0.15 [1.15–2.86] | 0.07 [−0.35–0.31] | 0.93 [0.81–1.12] | 0.02 [−0.05–0.05] | 1% |
x2 | −0.63 ± 4.85 [−0.36– -0.89] | −1.81 ± 3.28 [−1.04–2.58] | −0.75 [−1.61–1.01] | 0.67 [0.38–1.22] | 1.87 [−3.67–3.67] | 300% | |
y2 | 81.11 ± 6.33 [46.43–115.79] | 79.65 ± 6.24 [45.6–113.71] | 1.35 [−15.78–14.23] | 0.97 [0.8–1.17] | 1.16 [−2.27–2.27] | 1% | |
Turnover | xPBH | 3.11 ± 5.53 [1.78–4.44] | −0.45 ± 3.68 [−0.26–0.64] | −1.96 [−3.66–1.19] | 0.67 [0.39–1.06] | 2.53 [−4.97–4.97] | 81% |
yPBH | 118.62 ± 9.56 [67.91–169.34] | 116.42 ± 8.99 [66.65–166.19] | 4.88 [−13.71–24.4] | 0.94 [0.78–1.09] | 1.52 [−2.97–2.97] | 1% | |
Receive | xR | 9.07 ± 6.85 [5.19–12.95] | 3.83 ± 4.22 [2.19–5.47] | −0.64 [−3.5–2.03] | 0.55 [0.28–0.89] | 2.93 [−5.74–5.74] | 32% |
yR | 108.66 ± 8.5 [62.2–155.11] | 107.75 ± 8.35 [61.69–153.82] | 0.88 [−24.82–21.61] | 0.99 [0.79–1.23] | 1.67 [−3.27–3.27] | 2% | |
Catch | D1 | 9.96 ± 4.16 [5.7–14.22] | 8.66 ± 3.53 [4.96–12.37] | 0.22 [−1.85–1.33] | 0.83 [0.73–1.09] | 0.69 [−1.34–1.34] | 7% |
xCatch | 12.2 ± 8.05 [6.98–17.41] | 5.37 ± 4.26 [3.08–7.67] | 0.55 [−3.64–3.91] | 0.43 [0.14–0.8] | 3.34 [−6.55–6.55] | 27% | |
yCatch | 94.87 ± 8.06 [54.31–135.42] | 95.6 ± 8.26 [54.73–136.48] | −6.7 [−88.35–25.04] | 1.08 [0.74–1.97] | 2.14 [−4.2–4.2] | 2% | |
D2 | 13.79 ± 6.05 [7.9–19.69] | 12.15 ± 6.15 [6.96–17.35] | −1.93 [−3.57–1.98] | 1 [0.78–1.15] | 0.99 [−1.94–1.94] | 7% | |
D3 | 23.76 ± 9.36 [13.6–33.91] | 20.81 ± 8.97 [11.92–29.71] | −1.62 [−5.58–0.8] | 0.94 [0.83–1.16] | 1.46 [−2.87–2.87] | 6% | |
xLoop | −3.26 ± 5.19 [−1.87–4.66] | −5.01 ± 3.44 [−2.87–7.15] | −2.79 [−4.48–1.18] | 0.67 [0.32–1.09] | 2.12 [−4.16–4.16] | 65% | |
yLoop | 101.23 ± 7.96 [57.95–144.5] | 101.78 ± 6.98 [58.27–145.3] | 19.83 [−29.72–41.07] | 0.82 [0.61–1.3] | 2.75 [−5.39–5.39] | 3% | |
Loop | 8.67 ± 2.54 [4.96–12.37] | 8.69 ± 1.81 [4.98–12.41] | 2.47 [−4.78–5.92] | 0.72 [0.35–1.61] | 1.2 [−2.36–2.36] | 14% | |
Force and Power | AvgP | 770 ± 176 [441–1099] | 745 ± 176 [427–1064] | −10 [−153.97–63.22] | 0.97 [0.86–1.2] | 31 [−61–61] | 4% |
PP | 1799 ± 473 [1030–2569] | 1636 ± 372 [937–2336] | 157.13 [−147.02–434.16] | 0.82 [0.67–1.04] | 85 [−166–166] | 5% | |
PF | 1005 ± 238 [576–1435] | 838 ± 177 [480–1197] | 102.32 [−62.44–200.07] | 0.73 [0.61–0.93] | 50 [−99–99] | 5% |
Session 1 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase | Variable | Rep 1 Mean ± SD [95% CI] | Rep 2 Mean ± SD [95% CI] | ICC | SEM | SDD | Hedges g |
1st pull | v1 | 1.08 ± 0.18 [0.62, 1.54] | 1.04 ± 0.20 [0.59, 1.48] | 0.940 [0.757, 0.983] | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.2 [−0.61, 1.02] |
x1 | 2.25 ± 2.13 [1.29, 3.21] | 1.95 ± 1.76 [1.12, 2.79] | 0.667 [0.208, 0.885] | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.14 [−0.67, 0.96] | |
y1 | 26.43 ± 5.32 [15.13, 37.73] | 26.18 ± 5.00 [14.99, 37.37] | 0.871 [0.629, 0.959] | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.05 [−0.76, 0.86] | |
Transition | vT | 1.52 ± 0.15 [0.87, 2.16] | 1.52 ± 0.20 [0.87, 2.17] | 0.727 [0.306, 0.909] | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.04 [−0.85, 0.77] |
xT | 5.53 ± 3.75 [3.17, 7.90] | 5.52 ± 3.48 [3.16, 7.87] | 0.837 [0.544, 0.948] | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 [−0.81, 0.81] | |
yT | 50.23 ± 6.62 [28.76, 71.71] | 50.97 ± 7.05 [29.18, 72.76] | 0.772 [0.407, 0.924] | 0.18 | 0.49 | −0.10 [−0.91, 0.71] | |
vLoss | 0.44 ± 0.20 [0.25, 0.62] | 0.48 ± 0.23 [0.28, 0.69] | 0.848 [0.587, 0.951] | 0.01 | 0.03 | −0.21 [−1.03, 0.60] | |
2nd Pull | v2 | 2.08 ± 0.16 [1.19, 2.97] | 2.09 ± 0.17 [1.20, 2.98] | 0.928 [0.783, 0.977] | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.05 [−0.85, 0.76] |
x2 | −0.14 ± 5.11 [−0.08, −0.20] | −0.09 ± 5.27 [−0.05, −0.13] | 0.901 [0.705, 0.969] | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.01 [−0.82, 0.80] | |
y2 | 80.85 ± 7.21 [46.29, 115.42] | 81.88 ± 6.34 [46.87, 116.88] | 0.705 [0.280, 0.900] | 0.28 | 0.77 | −0.15 [−0.96, 0.66] | |
Turnover | xPBH | 3.44 ± 5.98 [1.97, 4.91] | 4.02 ± 6.98 [2.30, 5.73] | 0.756 [0.371, 0.919] | 0.14 | 0.39 | −0.09 [−0.90, 0.72] |
yPBH | 117.90 ± 10.18 [67.49, 168.31] | 118.28 ± 9.79 [67.71, 168.84] | 0.766 [0.386, 0.923] | 0.09 | 0.25 | −0.04 [−0.85, 0.77] | |
Receive | xR | 9.42 ± 7.90 [5.39, 13.44] | 9.74 ± 8.80 [5.57, 13.90] | 0.629 [0.124, 0.871] | 0.10 | 0.27 | −0.04 [−0.85, 0.77] |
yR | 108.09 ± 8.96 [61.88, 154.31] | 106.79 ± 9.90 [61.14, 152.45] | 0.728 [0.322, 0.908] | 0.34 | 0.94 | 0.13 [−0.68, 0.94] | |
Catch | D1 | 9.81 ± 5.02 [5.61, 14.00] | 11.48 ± 5.71 [6.57, 16.39] | 0.841 [0.518, 0.950] | 0.33 | 0.93 | −0.3 [−1.12, 0.51] |
xCatch | 12.62 ± 9.01 [7.23, 18.02] | 12.19 ± 12.10 [6.98, 17.40] | 0.519 [0.048, 0.827] | 0.15 | 0.41 | 0.04 [−0.77, 0.85] | |
yCatch | 95.75 ± 8.96 [54.81, 136.68] | 93.85 ± 10.58 [53.73, 133.98] | 0.696 [0.271, 0.895] | 0.52 | 1.45 | 0.19 [−0.62, 1.00] | |
D2 | 12.35 ± 5.00 [7.07, 17.62] | 12.94 ± 4.99 [7.41, 18.47] | 0.877 [0.654, 0.960] | 0.10 | 0.29 | −0.11 [−0.93, 0.70] | |
D3 | 22.15 ± 8.96 [12.68, 31.63] | 24.42 ± 9.57 [13.98, 34.86] | 0.925 [0.682, 0.979] | 0.31 | 0.86 | −0.24 [−1.05, 0.58] | |
xLoop | −2.68 ± 5.31 [−1.53, −3.82] | −2.03 ± 6.73 [−1.16, −2.90] | 0.822 [0.518, 0.942] | 0.14 | 0.38 | −0.10 [−0.91, 0.71] | |
yLoop | 101.25 ± 8.48 [57.96, 144.53] | 100.42 ± 8.69 [57.49, 143.36] | 0.584 [0.057, 0.853] | 0.27 | 0.74 | 0.09 [−0.72, 0.90] | |
Loop | 8.21 ± 2.64 [4.70, 11.72] | 7.95 ± 3.47 [4.55, 11.35] | 0.850 [0.583, 0.952] | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.08 [−0.73, 0.89] | |
Force and Power | AvgP | 760 ± 177 [435, 1086] | 760 ± 175 [435, 1085] | 0.990 [0.968, 0.997] | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 [−0.81, 0.81] |
PP | 1781 ± 482 [1019, 2542] | 1802 ± 511 [1032, 2572] | 0.964 [0.889, 0.989] | 2.03 | 5.63 | −0.04 [−0.85, 0.77] | |
PF | 1000 ± 236 [572, 1427] | 1004 ± 248 [575, 1433] | 0.985 [0.950, 0.995] | 0.25 | 0.69 | −0.02 [−0.83, 0.79] |
Session 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase | Variable | Rep 1 Mean ± SD [95% CI] | Rep 2 Mean ± SD [95% CI] | ICC | SEM | SDD | Hedges g |
1st pull | v1 | 1.06 ± 0.17 [0.61–1.52] | 1.08 ± 0.2 [0.62–1.54] | 0.835 [0.543, 0.947] | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.1 [−0.91, 0.71] |
x1 | 1.98 ± 2.06 [1.13–2.82] | 1.57 ± 2.01 [0.9–2.24] | 0.829 [0.546, 0.944] | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.2 [−0.62, 1.01] | |
y1 | 25.57 ± 4.19 [14.64–36.5] | 25.65 ± 4.52 [14.69–36.62] | 0.707 [0.266, 0.901] | 0.02 | 0.06 | −0.02 [−0.83, 0.79] | |
Transition | vT | 1.49 ± 0.19 [0.85–2.12] | 1.5 ± 0.19 [0.86–2.14] | 0.738 [0.329, 0.913] | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.05 [−0.86, 0.76] |
xT | 5.52 ± 3.31 [3.16–7.88] | 4.65 ± 3.52 [2.66–6.63] | 0.836 [0.551, 0.947] | 0.18 | 0.49 | 0.25 [−0.57, 1.06] | |
yT | 50.12 ± 7.01 [28.69–71.54] | 50 ± 7.28 [28.62–71.37] | 0.833 [0.534, 0.946] | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.02 [−0.79, 0.83] | |
vLoss | 0.42 ± 0.19 [0.24–0.6] | 0.42 ± 0.15 [0.24–0.6] | 0.869 [0.624, 0.958] | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 [−0.81, 0.81] | |
2nd Pull | v2 | 2.07 ± 0.18 [1.18–2.95] | 2.09 ± 0.17 [1.2–2.99] | 0.950 [0.841, 0.984] | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.11 [−0.92, 0.70] |
x2 | −0.38 ± 4.89 [−0.22–0.54] | −1.89 ± 5.34 [−1.08–2.7] | 0.831 [0.520, 0.946] | 0.31 | 0.86 | 0.29 [−0.53, 1.10] | |
y2 | 81.05 ± 6.4 [46.4–115.71] | 80.66 ± 7.62 [46.18–115.15] | 0.861 [0.606, 0.956] | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.05 [−0.76, 0.86] | |
Turnover | xPBH | 3.5 ± 6.46 [2–5] | 1.5 ± 6.44 [0.86–2.14] | 0.649 [0.206, 0.876] | 0.59 | 1.64 | 0.30 [−0.51, 1.11] |
yPBH | 118.42 ± 10.71 [67.79–169.05] | 119.88 ± 10.72 [68.63–171.14] | 0.893 [0.696, 0.966] | 0.24 | 0.66 | −0.13 [−0.94, 0.68] | |
Receive | xR | 9.42 ± 8.2 [5.39–13.45] | 7.7 ± 8.3 [4.41–10.99] | 0.630 [0.156, 0.870] | 0.52 | 1.45 | 0.20 [−0.61, 1.01] |
yR | 108.84 ± 10.95 [62.31–155.37] | 110.91 ± 10.21 [63.49–158.32] | 0.760 [0.398, 0.919] | 0.51 | 1.41 | −0.19 [−1.00, 0.62] | |
Catch | D1 | 9.58 ± 5.34 [5.49–13.68] | 8.98 ± 2.71 [5.14–12.81] | 0.504 [0.057, 0.819] | 0.21 | 0.59 | 0.14 [−0.67, 0.95] |
xCatch | 13.02 ± 10.04 [7.46–18.59] | 10.95 ± 10.61 [6.27–15.63] | 0.613 [0.125, 0.863] | 0.64 | 1.78 | 0.19 [−0.62, 1.01] | |
yCatch | 93.81 ± 7.86 [53.7–133.91] | 96.05 ± 9.96 [54.99–137.12] | 0.798 [0.477, 0.933] | 0.50 | 1.40 | −0.24 [−1.05, 0.57] | |
D2 | 15.03 ± 8.67 [8.6–21.46] | 14.85 ± 6.64 [8.5–21.2] | 0.870 [0.625, 0.959] | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.02 [−0.79, 0.83] | |
D3 | 24.62 ± 10.8 [14.09–35.14] | 23.83 ± 9.05 [13.64–34.02] | 0.962 [0.884, 0.988] | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.08 [−0.73, 0.89] | |
xLoop | −3.22 ± 5.29 [−1.85–4.6] | −5.12 ± 5.76 [−2.93–7.3] | 0.754 [0.374, 0.918] | 0.47 | 1.31 | 0.33 [−0.48, 1.15] | |
yLoop | 100.89 ± 8.43 [57.76–144.03] | 102.34 ± 10.48 [58.59–146.09] | 0.835 [0.558, 0.946] | 0.29 | 0.82 | −0.15 [−0.96, 0.66] | |
Loop | 8.75 ± 2.59 [5.01–12.49] | 9.76 ± 2.88 [5.59–13.93] | 0.702 [0.287, 0.898] | 0.28 | 0.76 | −0.36 [−1.17, 0.46] | |
Force and Power | AvgP | 772 ± 183 [442 −1102] | 785 ± 176 [450 −1121] | 0.975 [0.924, 0.992] | 1.03 | 2.85 | −0.07 [−0.88, 0.74] |
PP | 1800 ± 476 [1031–2570] | 1814 ± 443 [1039–2590] | 0.968 [0.898, 0.990] | 1.25 | 3.47 | −0.03 [−0.84, 0.78] | |
PF | 1014 ± 244 [580–1447] | 1004 ± 234 [575–1433] | 0.968 [0.902, 0.990] | 0.89 | 2.48 | 0.04 [−0.77, 0.85] |
Phase | Variable | Session 1 Mean ± SD [95% CI] | Session 2 Mean ± SD [95% CI] | ICC | SEM | SDD | Hedges g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st pull | v1 | 1.06 ± 0.19 [0.61–1.51] | 1.07 ± 0.18 [0.61–1.53] | 0.917 [0.727, 0.975] | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.05 [−0.86, 0.76] |
x1 | 2.1 ± 1.78 [1.2–3] | 1.77 ± 1.95 [1.02–2.53] | 0.732 [0.115, 0.918] | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.17 [−0.64, 0.98] | |
y1 | 26.3 ± 4.98 [15.06–37.55] | 25.61 ± 4.01 [14.66–36.56] | 0.881 [0.620, 0.963] | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.15 [−0.66, 0.96] | |
Transition | vT | 1.52 ± 0.16 [0.87–2.17] | 1.49 ± 0.18 [0.85–2.13] | 0.942 [0.816, 0.982] | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.17 [−0.64, 0.98] |
xT | 5.52 ± 3.45 [3.16–7.88] | 5.08 ± 3.29 [2.91–7.26] | 0.919 [0.741, 0.975] | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.13 [−0.68, 0.94] | |
yT | 50.6 ± 6.42 [28.97–72.23] | 50.06 ± 6.82 [28.66–71.46] | 0.966 [0.890, 0.989] | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.08 [−0.73, 0.89] | |
vLoss | 0.46 ± 0.21 [0.26–0.66] | 0.42 ± 0.17 [0.24–0.6] | 0.862 [0.565, 0.957] | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.20 [−0.61, 1.01] | |
2nd Pull | v2 | 2.09 ± 0.16 [1.19–2.98] | 2.08 ± 0.17 [1.19–2.97] | 0.954 [0.850, 0.986] | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 [−0.75, 0.87] |
x2 | −0.12 ± 5.05 [−0.07–0.16] | −1.13 ± 4.93 [−0.65–1.62] | 0.937 [0.797, 0.981] | 0.13 | 0.35 | 0.20 [−0.62, 1.01] | |
y2 | 81.37 ± 6.25 [46.58–116.15] | 80.86 ± 6.77 [46.29–115.43] | 0.943 [0.817, 0.983] | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.08 [−0.73, 0.89] | |
Turnover | xPBH | 3.73 ± 6.07 [2.13–5.32] | 2.5 ± 5.88 [1.43–3.57] | 0.834 [0.474, 0.949] | 0.25 | 0.69 | 0.20 [−0.61, 1.01] |
yPBH | 118.09 ± 9.35 [67.6–168.58] | 119.15 ± 10.42 [68.21–170.1] | 0.930 [0.777, 0.979] | 0.14 | 0.39 | −0.10 [−0.91, 0.71] | |
Receive | xR | 9.58 ± 7.5 [5.48–13.67] | 8.56 ± 7.44 [4.9–12.22] | 0.818 [0.403, 0.945] | 0.22 | 0.60 | 0.13 [−0.68, 0.94] |
yR | 107.44 ± 8.75 [61.51–153.38] | 109.87 ± 9.93 [62.9–156.85] | 0.785 [0.324, 0.933] | 0.56 | 1.56 | −0.25 [−1.06, 0.56] | |
Catch | D1 | 10.65 ± 5.2 [6.09–15.2] | 9.28 ± 3.65 [5.31–13.25] | 0.825 [0.456, 0.946] | 0.29 | 0.80 | 0.30 [−0.52, 1.11] |
xCatch | 12.41 ± 9.23 [7.1–17.71] | 11.98 ± 9.25 [6.86–17.11] | 0.698 [0.048, 0.909] | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.05 [−0.76, 0.85] | |
yCatch | 94.8 ± 9.02 [54.27–135.33] | 94.93 ± 8.53 [54.34–135.52] | 0.826 [0.412, 0.948] | 0.03 | 0.08 | −0.01 [−0.82, 0.80] | |
D2 | 12.64 ± 4.84 [7.24–18.05] | 14.94 ± 7.45 [8.55–21.33] | 0.897 [0.599, 0.970] | 0.37 | 1.02 | −0.35 [−1.17, 0.46] | |
D3 | 23.29 ± 9.15 [13.33–33.25] | 24.22 ± 9.87 [13.87–34.58] | 0.966 [0.894, 0.99] | 0.09 | 0.24 | −0.09 [−0.9, 0.72] | |
xLoop | −2.35 ± 5.77 [−1.35–3.36] | −4.17 ± 5.22 [−2.39–5.95] | 0.862 [0.555, 0.958] | 0.34 | 0.94 | 0.32 [−0.49, 1.14] | |
yLoop | 100.83 ± 7.6 [57.72–143.94] | 101.62 ± 9.11 [58.17–145.06] | 0.894 [0.655, 0.968] | 0.13 | 0.36 | −0.09 [−0.90, 0.72] | |
Loop | 8.08 ± 2.96 [4.62–11.53] | 9.25 ± 2.55 [5.3–13.21] | 0.787 [0.332, 0.934] | 0.27 | 0.75 | −0.41 [−1.23, 0.41] | |
Force and Power | AvgP | 760 ± 176 [435–1086] | 779 ± 178 [446–1112] | 0.986 [0.952, 0.996] | 1.10 | 3.05 | −0.10 [−0.91, 0.71] |
PP | 1791 ± 492 [1025–2557] | 1807 ± 456 [1035–2580] | 0.993 [0.978, 0.998] | 0.66 | 1.84 | −0.03 [−0.84, 0.78] | |
PF | 1002 ± 241 [574–1430] | 1009 ± 237 [578–1440] | 0.997 [0.989, 0.999] | 0.20 | 0.57 | −0.03 [−0.84, 0.78] |
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Chavda, S.; Sandau, I.; Bishop, C.; Xu, J.; Turner, A.N.; Lake, J.P. Validity and Reliability of a Commercially Available Inertial Sensor for Measuring Barbell Mechanics during Weightlifting. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7397. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167397
Chavda S, Sandau I, Bishop C, Xu J, Turner AN, Lake JP. Validity and Reliability of a Commercially Available Inertial Sensor for Measuring Barbell Mechanics during Weightlifting. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7397. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167397
Chicago/Turabian StyleChavda, Shyam, Ingo Sandau, Chris Bishop, Jiaqing Xu, Anthony N. Turner, and Jason P. Lake. 2024. "Validity and Reliability of a Commercially Available Inertial Sensor for Measuring Barbell Mechanics during Weightlifting" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7397. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167397