Novel Gas Supply System for Multi-Chamber Tri-Gas Cell Culture: Low Gas Consumption and Wide Concentration Range
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Gas Mixing and Distribution System
2.2. Numerical Simulation for Mixers
2.3. Calculation Method of Inflow Volume
part) × (Target concentration).
- (1)
- Prioritize ensuring the CO2 concentration through a step-by-step adjustment strategy;
- (2)
- When the CO2 concentration is normal, the subsequent gas introduced always contains the target proportion of CO2 in order to reach the target O2 concentration while keeping the CO2 concentration constant;
- (3)
- If the CO2 concentration is higher, N2 is used to dilute its concentration to the target level instead of O2.
- (1)
- If the original CO2 concentration is higher than the target concentration, i.e., Cc > Ccs:
- 1)
- If the intermediate concentration of O2 is higher, i.e., Co1 > Cos
- 2)
- If the intermediate concentration of O2 is lower, i.e., Co1 < Cos
- (2)
- If the original concentration of CO2 is lower than the target concentration, i.e., Cc < Ccs,
- (1)
- If the intermediate concentration of O2 is higher, i.e., Co1 > Cos
- (2)
- If the intermediate concentration of O2 is lower, i.e., Co1 < Cos
- (1)
- Initially, all pumps operate at a high flow rate for a few minutes to enhance rapid gas flow and mixing through the gas mixer. This step ensures the proper distribution of gas across the chambers and minimizes gas concentration gradients to achieve uniformity. Monitoring gas concentrations over time can provide insights into the effectiveness of the mixing process.
- (2)
- If post-mixing gas concentrations are outside the acceptable range, Mass Flow Controllers (MFCs) regulate the flow of CO2, O2, or N2 into the gas mixer at specific volumes. Simultaneously, the existing gas in the mixer is slowly released through the relief valve until the MFCs are closed, with a small amount of new gas potentially escaping. Inflow volumes of CO2, O2, and N2 can be calculated based on system parameters and measured gas concentrations. It is essential to keep the pumps off during this stage to ensure thorough replacement of the original gas with the new gas.
- (3)
- Similar to stage 1, all pumps are activated to blow for a few minutes to facilitate the mixing of new gas with any remaining original gas, aiming for consistent gas concentration throughout the system.
- (4)
- All pumps are initially set to a low flow rate, known as breezing, to prevent air leakage into the chamber and potential disruption of cell development. This breezing state is maintained as long as the lid remains closed unless there is a change in gas concentration. Upon opening and closing the lid, a blowing operation is triggered instead of breezing, enabling the system to swiftly revert to the previous atmosphere within a brief timeframe. In case of abnormal gas concentration, the system automatically re-regulates to the initial stage.
2.4. Gas Mixing Experiment on Multi-Chamber Cell Incubator
2.4.1. Mixer Performance Experiment
2.4.2. Three-Gas Mixing Experiment
- Initialization
- O2 concentration changes
- Chamber lids open
3. Results
3.1. Numerical Simulation Results of Mixers
3.2. Experiment Results of Mixer
3.2.1. Open System Experiment
3.2.2. Circulatory System Experiment
3.3. Gas Concentration and Consumption under Different Scenarios
3.3.1. Initialization
3.3.2. O2 Concentration Changes
3.3.3. Chamber Lids Open
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
V | Total volume of circulation part, including mixer, chambers, pipelines, etc. |
Cc | Original concentration of CO2 |
Co | Original concentration of O2 |
Co1 | Intermediate concentration of O2 (theoretical) |
Ccs | Target concentration of CO2 |
Cos | Target concentration of O2 |
X | Inflow volume of CO2, the subscript “1” means the volume of the first step during once adjustment and the subscript “2” means the volume of the second step |
Y | Inflow volume of O2, the subscript “1” means the volume of the first step during once adjustment and the subscript “2” means the volume of the second step |
Z | Inflow volume of N2, the subscript “1” means the volume of the first step during once adjustment and the subscript “2” means the volume of the second step |
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Target Concentration | Measured Concentration | Deviation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2 | O2 | CO2 | O2 | CO2 | O2 |
5% | 5% | 5.01% | 4.99% | 0.01% | −0.01% |
8% | 4.97% | 7.87% | −0.03% | −0.13% | |
13% | 4.92% | 12.71% | −0.08% | −0.29% | |
18% | 4.93% | 17.65% | −0.07% | −0.35% | |
23% | 4.96% | 22.90% | −0.04% | −0.02% | |
28% | 4.96% | 27.73% | −0.04% | −0.27% | |
33% | 4.92% | 32.50% | −0.08% | −0.50% | |
38% | 4.90% | 37.50% | −0.10% | −0.50% | |
43% | 4.90% | 42.70% | −0.10% | −0.30% | |
48% | 4.91% | 47.50% | −0.09% | −0.50% | |
53% | 4.90% | 52.82% | −0.10% | −0.18% | |
60% | 4.95% | 59.88% | 0.05% | −0.12% | |
70% | 4.92% | 69.51% | −0.08% | −0.49% | |
80% | 4.93% | 79.81% | −0.07% | −0.19% |
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Xiao, D.; Zeng, W.; Chen, R.; Li, W.; Sun, H. Novel Gas Supply System for Multi-Chamber Tri-Gas Cell Culture: Low Gas Consumption and Wide Concentration Range. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7411. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167411
Xiao D, Zeng W, Chen R, Li W, Sun H. Novel Gas Supply System for Multi-Chamber Tri-Gas Cell Culture: Low Gas Consumption and Wide Concentration Range. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7411. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167411
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao, Donggen, Weijun Zeng, Ruitao Chen, Wei Li, and Haixuan Sun. 2024. "Novel Gas Supply System for Multi-Chamber Tri-Gas Cell Culture: Low Gas Consumption and Wide Concentration Range" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7411. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167411