Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock and Initial Support of Tunnel Undercrossing Multi-Situational Goafs: A Reference of Construction Guidance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Project Profile
3. Numerical Calculation of Surrounding Rock and Initial Support Deformation Law of Tunnel Undercrossing Multi-Situational Goaf
3.1. Numerical Model and Boundary Conditions
3.2. Material Parameter Selection and Scheme Setting
4. Simulation Results and Analysis
4.1. Influence of Distance
4.2. Influence of Scale
4.3. Influence of Angle
5. Guiding Significance for Engineering
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- Since the goaf cavity is close to the left hance of the tunnel, the left arch waist of the tunnel is significantly affected by the goaf. As the distance increases, the horizontal displacement of the left arch waist continuously decreases. When the distance reaches 20 m, the horizontal displacement of the left arch waist decreases by 16% compared to when the distance is 5 m, and the vertical displacement of the vault decreases by 18%. As the distance continues to increase, both the horizontal and vertical displacements of the tunnel show a decreasing trend. The degree of collapse and subsidence of the surrounding rock at the tunnel vault becomes less severe, and the maximum axial force of the initial support shows a significant change when the distance to the goaf increases from 5 m to 10 m, decreasing by 124 KN. However, when the distance to the goaf increases from 15 m to 20 m, the change is relatively minor, with a reduction of only 70 KN. Compared to the change between 5 m and 10 m, this variation is only 56%. This indicates that once the distance increases beyond a certain point, the maximum axial force in the initial support will no longer experience significant changes.
- (2)
- As the scale of the goaf gradually increases, the deformation values at key positions of the surrounding rock continuously rise. When the diameter reaches 12.5 m, the horizontal displacement of the arch waist increases by 27.6% compared to the 5 m case, and the vertical displacement of the vault increases by 20.3%. As the scale of the goaf increases, the degree of local subsidence at the tunnel vault becomes more pronounced; the phenomenon of longitudinal arch bottom uplift becomes more evident; and the range of subsidence along the longitudinal direction is significantly enlarged. As the goaf cavity diameter changes from 5 m to 20 m, the variation in the maximum axial force of the initial support is relatively uniform and gradual, differing from the impact caused by distance.
- (3)
- As the angle gradually increases, the horizontal displacement distribution of the walls on both sides of the tunnel ceases to be symmetrical. When the angle reaches 60°, the horizontal displacement of the right arch waist increases by 18.3% compared to when the angle is 15°, while the vertical displacement decreases by 24.2%. It can be observed that with the increasing angle, the degree and extent of subsidence of the right arch waist continually increase, while the collapse degree and range of the vault decrease. As the goaf angle varies from 15° to 60°, the change in the maximum axial force of the initial support is relatively uniform. This phenomenon is similar to the effect of different goaf diameters and differs from the impact caused by distance.
- (4)
- Based on the analysis of the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock and the stress on the initial support, to minimize the adverse effects of overlying goaf areas on the stability of the surrounding rock during tunnel construction, it is recommended in actual alignment selection that the tunnel should be positioned as far away from goaf areas as possible. If crossing a goaf area is unavoidable, the tunnel should maintain a distance from the goaf area greater than 1.13 times the tunnel span. It is also advisable to avoid crossing larger scale goaf areas and minimize the angle. During the construction process, supplementary measures such as grouting reinforcement should be considered based on the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock and the stress behavior of the initial support under different goaf situations, as discussed in this paper. This will help reduce the possibility of significant deformation or collapse of the surrounding rock.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | ρ/(kg·m−3) | E/GPa | μ | c/MPa | φ/(°) | K |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IV Surrounding Rock | 2250 | 2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 30 | 0.5 |
Initial Support | 2500 | 25 | 0.22 | - | - |
Goaf Situation | H/m | D/m | θ/° | |
---|---|---|---|---|
I: Different distance | I-1 | 5 | 10 | 30 |
I-2 | 10 | 10 | 30 | |
I-3 | 15 | 10 | 30 | |
I-4 | 20 | 10 | 30 | |
II: Different scale | II-1 | 10 | 5 | 30 |
II-2 | 10 | 7.5 | 30 | |
II-3 | 10 | 10 | 30 | |
II-4 | 10 | 12.5 | 30 | |
III: Different angle | III-1 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
III-2 | 10 | 10 | 30 | |
III-3 | 10 | 10 | 45 | |
III-4 | 10 | 10 | 60 |
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Zhao, M.; Guo, J.; Li, S.; Liang, S.; Sun, F. Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock and Initial Support of Tunnel Undercrossing Multi-Situational Goafs: A Reference of Construction Guidance. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7412. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167412
Zhao M, Guo J, Li S, Liang S, Sun F. Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock and Initial Support of Tunnel Undercrossing Multi-Situational Goafs: A Reference of Construction Guidance. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7412. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167412
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Meng, Jiaqi Guo, Shaohua Li, Shifan Liang, and Fengwei Sun. 2024. "Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock and Initial Support of Tunnel Undercrossing Multi-Situational Goafs: A Reference of Construction Guidance" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7412. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167412