Ontology Construction of Digitization Domain for Ancient Architecture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Construction Process of Ancient Architecture Digitization Domain Ontology
3. Ontology Construction in the Digitization Domain of Ancient Architecture
3.1. Classification and Expression of Concepts
3.2. The Structure of Digitization Ontology of Ancient Architecture
3.3. The Relationship of Ancient Architecture Digitization Ontology
3.4. The Attribute of Ancient Architecture Digitization Ontology
4. Application Case
4.1. Experimental Object
4.2. Experimental Process and Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Relationship Name | Concept A | Concept B | Relationship Characteristics | Relationship Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Upper and lower relation | Digitization elements of ancient architecture A | Digitization elements of ancient architecture B | transitivity reversibility | The relationship between the concept of digitized elements of the same type of ancient architecture, such as A (woodwork class) is the B (arch) of the upper class. |
Ancient architecture digitization technology A | Ancient architecture digitization technology B | transitivity reversibility | Superior–subordinate relationship between similar ancient building digitization technologies, e.g., A (data acquisition technology) is the upper class of B (3D laser scanning technology). | |
Digitizing equipment for ancient architecture A | Digitizing equipment for ancient architecture B | transitivity reversibility | Superior–subordinate relationships between digitizing equipment for ancient buildings of the same class, e.g., A (3D laser scanners) are the upper class of B (structured light scanners). | |
Mutually exclusive relation | Digitization elements of ancient architecture | Techniques/equipment/specifications for digitization of ancient architecture | symmetry | Ancient architectural digitization elements and technologies belong to different conceptual classes, such as the woodwork class and 3D laser scanning technology, being mutually exclusive |
Similar relation | Digitization elements of ancient architecture | Digitization elements of ancient architecture | symmetry | The two instances belong to the same element class, e.g., arches and beams belong to the same element class. |
Constrained relation | Specification for digitization of ancient architecture | Ancient architecture digitization technology | reversibility | Ancient building digitization specifications impose constraints on digitization techniques, such as close-up photogrammetry specifications imposing constraints on close-up photogrammetry techniques. |
Ancient architecture digitization technology | Digitizing equipment for ancient architecture | reversibility | Ancient architectural digitization techniques impose constraints on digitization equipment, such as close-up photogrammetry techniques that can only use drone equipment. |
Conceptual Class | Common Attribute | Sub Conceptual Class | Unique Attribute |
---|---|---|---|
Digitization technology of ancient architecture | Types, accuracy requirements, step-by-step requirements, reference specifications | - | - |
Digitization elements of ancient architecture | Category, length, width, height, material type | Wall | Individual brick sizes, masonry types, brick arrangements, brick types, cementing materials |
Column | Types of floor poles, pier jointing methods, painting practices | ||
Beam | Style of beams, appearance of beams | ||
Window | Edge dimensions, latticework dimensions, edge trowel dimensions | ||
Queti | Type of pattern | ||
Tenon-and-mortise work | Mortise size, tenon size | ||
Colored drawing | Staff material, staff color, painting subject matter, painting pigment | ||
Clay sculpture | Modeling, detail dimensioning | ||
Digitizing equipment for ancient architecture | Instrument model, scanning field of view Sampling rate, distance range, measurement accuracy, measurement speed | UAV | Operating altitude range, planimetric accuracy, flight resistance, equipment weight, overlap, elevation accuracy |
Camera | Pixels, display, storage media, optical zoom | ||
3D laser scanner | Measuring arm parameters, laser scanning head parameters |
Name | Chinese Interpretation | Inverse Relation | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
Is part of | A is part of B | Contain | Is part of (A, B) |
Constraint | A constraints B | Constraint by | Constraint (A, B) |
Use | A uses B | Use by | Use (A, B) |
Contain | A contains B | Is part of | Contain (A, B) |
Constraint by | A constraints by B | Constraint | Constraint by (A, B) |
Use by | A uses by B | Use | Use by (A, B) |
Instance | Conceptual Class | SUB Conceptual Class | Attribute |
---|---|---|---|
Technology01 | Ancient architecture digitization technology | Ancient architecture data acquisition technology | Type: three-dimensional laser scanning technology; precision requirements: dimensional error: ≦20 mm instrument ranging error or point spacing error: ≦5 mm; maximum point spacing of a single station: ≦5 mm; step requirements: see reference specification; reference specification: three-dimensional information acquisition of cultural relics and buildings technical specifications (Beijing local standard DB11/T1796-2020) [23] |
Technology1 | Ancient architecture digitization technology | Ancient architecture data acquisition technology | Type: aerial photogrammetry technology; accuracy requirements: analog method relative error is generally 1/1000~1/5000; point position error is not greater than 0.5 mm on the map; image sampling resolution of three levels of standards; see details in reference specification; reference specification: low altitude digital aerial photogrammetry field specification |
Equipment01 | Digitizing equipment for ancient architecture | 3D laser scanner | Model: CHCNAV zeb-revort; scanning field of view: 270°~360°; data sampling rate: 43,200 points/s; range: 30 m; measurement accuracy: 3–30 cm (10 min scanning, closed loop); measurement speed: 100 Hz |
Equipment1 | Digitizing equipment for ancient architecture | UAV | Model: DJI Phantom 4 Pro Operating altitude range: 6000 m; planar accuracy: flight resistance: equipment weight: 1375 g; maximum flight time: about 30 min |
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Wang, Y.; Dong, Y. Ontology Construction of Digitization Domain for Ancient Architecture. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7651. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177651
Wang Y, Dong Y. Ontology Construction of Digitization Domain for Ancient Architecture. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7651. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177651
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yuxuan, and Youqiang Dong. 2024. "Ontology Construction of Digitization Domain for Ancient Architecture" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7651. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177651