Assessing the Fatigue Stress Behavior of Starch Biodegradable Films with Nanoclay Using Accelerated Survival Test Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Film Preparation
2.3. Thickness
2.4. Tensile Properties
2.5. Experimental Design
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample ID | Starch Concentration (%wt) | Glycerol Concentration (%wt) * | Nanoclay Concentration (%wt) * |
---|---|---|---|
7_50_1 | 7 | 50 | 1 |
4_50_1 | 4 | 50 | 1 |
7_35_1 | 7 | 35 | 1 |
7_50_10.5 | 7 | 50 | 10.5 |
7_35_10.5 | 7 | 35 | 10.5 |
Elongation Level (%) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stretch Cycle | Stress Time (min) | 5 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 23 | 25 | 45 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
22 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
22 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
22 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Sample ID | Mean Thickness (Range) (mm) |
---|---|
7_50_1 | 0.21 (0.19–0.22) |
4_50_1 | 0.11 (0.09–0.12) |
7_35_1 | 0.20 (0.19–0.21) |
7_50_10.5 | 0.23 (0.22–0.25) |
7_35_10.5 | 0.23 (0.22–0.24) |
Sample ID | LSM | Lower 95% | Upper 95% | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7_35_10.5 | A | 1.77 | 1.71 | 1.83 | |||
7_35_1 | B | 1.62 | 1.54 | 1.69 | |||
7_50_1 | C | 1.44 | 1.35 | 1.53 | |||
7_50_10.5 | D | 1.24 | 1.16 | 1.32 | |||
4_50_1 | D | 1.10 | 1.00 | 1.19 |
Log [Exact Break Time] | Break Cycle | log[ts/bc] | log[ts/bc] Lower CI | log[ts/bc] Upper CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
4.73 | 1 | 7.11 | 6.63 | 7.63 |
4.73 | 2 | 5.27 | 4.95 | 5.62 |
4.73 | 3 | 3.91 | 3.60 | 4.25 |
4.73 | 4 | 2.90 | 2.58 | 3.26 |
4.73 | 5 | 2.15 | 1.83 | 2.52 |
4.73 | 6 | 1.59 | 1.30 | 1.95 |
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Frangopoulos, T.; Dimitriadou, S.; Ozuni, J.; Marinopoulou, A.; Goulas, A.; Petridis, D.; Karageorgiou, V. Assessing the Fatigue Stress Behavior of Starch Biodegradable Films with Nanoclay Using Accelerated Survival Test Methods. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7728. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177728
Frangopoulos T, Dimitriadou S, Ozuni J, Marinopoulou A, Goulas A, Petridis D, Karageorgiou V. Assessing the Fatigue Stress Behavior of Starch Biodegradable Films with Nanoclay Using Accelerated Survival Test Methods. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7728. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177728
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrangopoulos, Theofilos, Sophia Dimitriadou, Joanis Ozuni, Anna Marinopoulou, Athanasios Goulas, Dimitrios Petridis, and Vassilis Karageorgiou. 2024. "Assessing the Fatigue Stress Behavior of Starch Biodegradable Films with Nanoclay Using Accelerated Survival Test Methods" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7728. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177728