Analysis of Longitudinal Braking Stability of Lightweight Liquid Storage Mini-Track Vehicles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Analysis of LBS
2.1. Tracked Vehicle Structure and Onboard Layout
2.2. Mathematical Modeling
2.3. Theoretical Solution of the Longitudinal Impact Force of Tank Liquid According to a Literature Study [4]
- Continuity equation:
- Momentum conservation equation:
- Parametric equation of turbulence model
3. Simulation of LBS
3.1. Simulation Parameters
3.1.1. Liquid Tank Model and Boundary Conditions
3.1.2. Mesh Precision Design and Mesh Division
3.1.3. Setting of the Key Parameters
3.1.4. Simulation Experimental Data
3.2. Influence of TLR on Stability
3.2.1. Influence of the TLR on the Longitudinal Impact Force
3.2.2. The Effect of TLR on the Effective Braking Deceleration
3.2.3. Analysis of LBS for Different TLRs
3.3. Influence of IV on Stability
3.3.1. Influence of IV on the Longitudinal Impact Force
3.3.2. The Influence of IV on the Effective Braking Deceleration
3.3.3. Analysis of the LBS at Various IVs
3.4. Influence of IBD on Stability
3.4.1. Influence of IBD on the Longitudinal Impact Force
3.4.2. The Influence of IBD on the Effective Braking Deceleration
3.4.3. Analysis of LBS at Different IBDs
4. Road Experiment
4.1. Dynamic Stability Experiment Device
4.2. Dynamic Stability Experiment
4.2.1. Experimental Conditions and Scheme
4.2.2. Influence of IV on the Effective Braking Deceleration
4.2.3. Influence of the IV on the Longitudinal Angular Displacement
5. Conclusions
- The braking dynamics model of the lightweight mini-track vehicle was established. According to the model, the effective braking speed reduction was positively correlated with the total mass of the tracked vehicle when the tracked vehicle was impacted by the liquid tank during running. Furthermore, it was negatively correlated with the longitudinal impact force of the liquid oscillation. In other words, the smaller the tracked vehicle mass, the greater the longitudinal impact force. Moreover, smaller vehicle mass also corresponds to a smaller effective braking deceleration, inferior longitudinal stability, and longer braking time.
- Based on the fluid motion equation applied to the liquid tank and the theoretical model of longitudinal impact force, the influences of the TLR, IV, and IBD on the longitudinal stability of the observed vehicle were analyzed. It is noteworthy that the control variable method and the fluid simulation software FLUENT 2023 were used. The results show that the TLR significantly impacted the braking efficiency of the tracked vehicle. The braking effect was the weakest for the filling ratio of 0.7, and the braking efficiency decreased by 32% compared to its initial value. Changing only the IV exhibited a limited effect on the longitudinal stability of the tracked vehicle. Further, the braking efficiency was also reduced by about 30% compared with the IBD. When the IBD was changed, the braking efficiency reduction rate was positively correlated with it. Finally, when the IBD speed was increased to 5 m⋅s−2, the braking efficiency decreased by more than 48%.
- The dynamic stability experimental platform of the lightweight mini-tracked vehicle was built. The limit conditions of the TLR of 0.7 and effective braking deceleration of 4 m⋅s−2 were selected for the experimental case. The longitudinal stability of the tracked vehicle during the starting, accelerating, walking, and emergency braking at IVs of 1, 2, and 3 km⋅h−1 was evaluated. Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn: when the TLR and effective braking deceleration were constant, the change in the IV exhibited a limited effect on the effective braking deceleration. Compared to the simulation results, the AEBD obtained in the experiment was smaller. This was due to the sudden acceleration or braking of the tracked vehicle during the road experiment, which caused forced vibration of its motor, gearbox, and pump, among other components. The forced vibration led to a further increase in the longitudinal force of the liquid, thus reducing effective braking deceleration.
- When the tracked vehicle accelerated and braked under extreme conditions, the front and rear tilt angles were approximately 4°. This value is below 5°, which indicates that the stability requirements are met.
- Owing to time and resource constraints, only the longitudinal stability of the tracked vehicle during the braking was studied. However, the road conditions of the tracked vehicle during the rescue were harsh. Therefore, it might be valuable to systematically examine the lateral rollover stability and longitudinal stability of the tracked vehicle under various working conditions.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Experiment Group 1 | Experiment Group 2 | Experiment Group 3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Filling Ratio | IV/(km⋅h−1) | IBD/(m⋅s−2) | IV/(km⋅h−1) | IBD/(m⋅s−1) | Filling Ratio | IBD/(m⋅s−1) | IV/(km⋅h−1) | Filling Ratio |
0.5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 0.7 | 3 | 5 | 0.7 |
0.6 | 2 | 3.5 | ||||||
0.7 | 3 | 4 | ||||||
0.8 | 4 | 4.5 | ||||||
0.9 | 5 | 5 |
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Zhang, C.; Cao, X.; Xu, L.; Wang, Y.; He, Y.; Liu, X. Analysis of Longitudinal Braking Stability of Lightweight Liquid Storage Mini-Track Vehicles. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7780. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177780
Zhang C, Cao X, Xu L, Wang Y, He Y, Liu X. Analysis of Longitudinal Braking Stability of Lightweight Liquid Storage Mini-Track Vehicles. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7780. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177780
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Cuihong, Xuepeng Cao, Lijia Xu, Yan Wang, Yutian He, and Xiaohui Liu. 2024. "Analysis of Longitudinal Braking Stability of Lightweight Liquid Storage Mini-Track Vehicles" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7780. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177780