The Effects of Activated Carbon Toothpastes on Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains—An In Vitro Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The presence or absence of activated carbon agents in toothpaste has a similar effect on EC tensile strength degradation over time;
- The presence or absence of activated carbon agents in toothpaste has a similar effect on the EC rupture point over time;
- The presence or absence of activated carbon agents in toothpaste similarly affects the EC colour stability.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Size
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Acrylic Plates
2.4. Determination of the Tensile Strength
2.5. Determination of the Resistance to Rupture
2.6. Determination of Colour Stability
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Discrepancy between the Three Brands of ECs
3.2. Tensile Strength Assessment within and between Groups on Day 28
3.3. Rupture Point Assessment within and between Groups on Day 28
3.4. Evaluation of Colour Change within and between Groups on Day 28
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- There are significant discrepancies in tensile strength, rupture point and colour between the three EC brands tested, both before and after their exposure to any toothpaste;
- The material composition of each brand of EC contributes to its strength decay, resistance to rupture and colour change over time;
- The percentage of activated carbon in a toothpaste may be responsible for the variable effects on each brand of EC.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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EC Brand | t0 | Toothpaste | t28 | ΔTS (t28 − t0) | Loss % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3M Unitek® | 3.287 ± 0.143 | Colgate Total® | 1.448 ± 0.014 | −1.84 b,c (±0.55) | −55.93 |
Colgate Max White® | 1.484 ± 0.026 | −1.80 b,c (±0.56) | −54.86 | ||
Dr Organic® | 1.406 ± 0.014 | −1.88 a,b,c (±0.58) | −57.23 | ||
Ormco® | 3.327 ± 0.092 | Colgate Total® | 1.718 ± 0.021 | −1.61 c (±0.35) | −48.37 |
Colgate Max White® | 1.739 ± 0.030 | −1.59 c (±0.38) | −47.73 | ||
Dr Organic® | 1.584 ± 0.013 | −1.74 b,c (±0.37) | −52.39 | ||
Ortho Classic® | 3.717 ± 0.111 | Colgate Total® | 1.454 ± 0.017 | −2.26 a,b (±0.40) | −60.89 |
Colgate Max White® | 1.318 ± 0.018 | −2.40 a (±0.45) | −64.54 | ||
Dr Organic® | 1.543 ± 0.038 | −2.17 a,b (±0.50) | −58.48 |
EC Brand | T0 | Toothpaste | T28 | ΔRP (t28 − t0) | Lose % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3M Unitek® | 36.352 ± 0.604 | Colgate Total® | 35.674 ± 0.309 | −0.68 b (±2.35) | −1.87 |
Colgate Max White® | 35.517 ± 0.264 | −0.84 a,b (±2.40) | −2.30 | ||
Dr Organic® | 36.343 ± 0.232 | −0.01 b (±2.61) | −0.63 | ||
Ormco® | 42.628 ± 0.213 | Colgate Total® | 42.782 ± 0.643 | 0.15 b (±2.46) | ±0.36 |
Colgate Max White® | 41.604 ± 0.663 | −1.02 a,b (±2.46) | −2.4 | ||
Dr Organic® | 38.155 ± 1.885 | −4.47 a (±7.47) | −10.49 | ||
Ortho Classic® | 31.323 ± 0.210 | Colgate Total® | 31.945 ± 0.138 | 0.62 b (±0.81) | ±1.98 |
Colgate Max White® | 31.404 ± 0.187 | 0.08 b (±1.34) | ±0.26 | ||
Dr Organic® | 31.907 ± 0.214 | 0.58 b (±1.32) | ±1.86 |
EC Brand | Toothpaste | ΔE (t28 − t0) | Min.–Max. |
---|---|---|---|
3M Unitek® | Colgate Total® | 0.67 a (±0.48) | 0.14–1.71 |
Colgate Max White® | 0.66 a (±0.48) | 0.22–1.91 | |
Dr Organic® | 0.92 a (±0.69) | 0.14–2.79 | |
Ormco® | Colgate Total® | 1.47 a,b (±1.00) | 0.14–3.26 |
Colgate Max White® | 2.06 a,b (±1.15) | 0.77–5.09 | |
Dr Organic® | 2.55 b (±1.16) | 1.16–4.74 | |
Ortho Classic® | Colgate Total® | 1.87 a,b (±1.99) | 0.30–7.72 |
Colgate Max White® | 1.55 a,b (±1.93) | 0.14–6.24 | |
Dr Organic® | 2.66 b (±2.10) | 0.66–6.98 |
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Mariano Pereira, P.; Bugiaghis, I.; Do Carmo, M.I.; Proença, L. The Effects of Activated Carbon Toothpastes on Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains—An In Vitro Study. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7791. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177791
Mariano Pereira P, Bugiaghis I, Do Carmo MI, Proença L. The Effects of Activated Carbon Toothpastes on Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains—An In Vitro Study. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7791. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177791
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariano Pereira, Pedro, Iman Bugiaghis, Mariana Isidro Do Carmo, and Luis Proença. 2024. "The Effects of Activated Carbon Toothpastes on Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains—An In Vitro Study" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7791. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177791