Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonates and Indicative Significance of the Sedimentary Environment Based on Carbon–Oxygen Isotopes and Trace Elements: Case Study of the Lower Ordovician Qiulitage Formation in Keping Area, Tarim Basin (NW China)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
3. Analytical Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
5.1. Theoretical Consideration for Diagenetic Overprints
5.2. Paleosalinity Implications of Carbonate Rocks
5.3. Paleoclimate Analysis of Carbonate Rocks
5.4. Sea Level Variations during Carbonate Deposition
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The carbonate lithology of the Upper Qiulitage Formation predominantly originated within the marine sedimentary milieu characterized by aerobic, thermally conducive, and relatively elevated salinity settings, potentially affording abundant organic matter conducive for the generation of hydrocarbon resources.
- (2)
- Numerous transgressive and regressive episodes occurred during the depositional epoch of the Upper Qiulitage Formation.
- (3)
- The lowermost and second segments of the initial interval of the Upper Qiulitage Formation, renowned for intense sea level fluctuations, may confer favorable spatial conditions for hydrocarbon production.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample No. | Lithology | δ13CPDB /‰ | δ18OPDB /‰ | δ18OSMOW /‰ | Z Value | T (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM04-0-1 | Arenaceous limestone | 2.6 | −8.8 | 21.9 | 128.24 | 24.79 |
PM04-1-1 | Arenaceous limestone | 2.6 | −8.5 | 22.2 | 128.39 | 23.40 |
PM04-2-1 | Arenaceous limestone | 1.6 | −8.2 | 22.4 | 126.49 | 22.04 |
PM04-3-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 0.6 | −8.8 | 21.8 | 124.15 | 24.79 |
PM04-4-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 2.3 | −9 | 21.6 | 127.53 | 25.73 |
PM04-5-1 | Micrite limestone | 3.2 | −8.4 | 22.3 | 129.67 | 22.94 |
PM04-6-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 3.4 | −8.9 | 21.7 | 129.83 | 25.26 |
PM04-7-1 | Micrite limestone | 2.8 | −8.5 | 22.2 | 128.8 | 23.40 |
PM04-8-1 | Arenaceous limestone | 4.3 | −8.9 | 21.7 | 131.67 | 25.26 |
PM04-9-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 3.3 | −9.3 | 21.4 | 129.43 | 27.15 |
PM04-10-1 | Micrite limestone | 3.6 | −9.7 | 20.9 | 129.84 | 29.09 |
PM04-11-1 | Arenaceous limestone | 2.3 | −9.3 | 21.3 | 127.38 | 27.15 |
PM04-12-1 | Arenaceous limestone | 1.2 | −9.1 | 21.5 | 125.23 | 26.20 |
PM04-13-1 | dolomite | 3.5 | −7.6 | 23 | 130.68 | 19.38 |
PM04-14-1 | dolomite | 2 | −8.3 | 22.3 | 127.26 | 22.49 |
PM04-15-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 2.1 | −9.5 | 21.1 | 126.87 | 28.12 |
PM04-16-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 3.1 | −9 | 21.6 | 129.17 | 25.73 |
PM04-17-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 2.7 | −9 | 21.6 | 128.35 | 25.73 |
PM04-18-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 3.1 | −8 | 22.7 | 129.66 | 21.14 |
PM04-20-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 3.1 | −9.8 | 20.8 | 128.77 | 29.58 |
PM04-21-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 2 | −6.3 | 24.4 | 128.26 | 13.94 |
PM04-22-1 | dolomite | 2 | −11.2 | 19.4 | 125.82 | 36.73 |
PM04-23-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 3.2 | −10.7 | 19.9 | 128.53 | 34.12 |
PM04-24-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 2.6 | −11.4 | 19.1 | 126.95 | 37.79 |
PM13-0-1 | Limestone | 0.8 | −8.8 | 21.9 | 124.56 | 24.79 |
PM13-1-1 | Limestone | −0.2 | −7.1 | 23.6 | 123.35 | 17.24 |
PM13-2-1 | Limestone | 0.5 | −7.4 | 23.2 | 124.64 | 18.51 |
PM13-3-1 | Limestone | 0.7 | −7.3 | 23.4 | 125.1 | 18.09 |
PM13-4-1 | Limestone | 1.1 | −7.6 | 23.1 | 125.77 | 19.38 |
PM13-5-1 | Limestone | 1.8 | −6.2 | 24.5 | 127.9 | 13.54 |
PM13-6-1 | Limestone | −0.9 | −6.8 | 23.9 | 122.07 | 15.98 |
PM13-7-1 | Limestone | −1.7 | −7 | 23.6 | 120.33 | 16.82 |
PM13-8-1 | Limestone | −1.4 | −7.8 | 22.8 | 120.55 | 20.26 |
PM13-9-1 | dolomite | −0.6 | −7.4 | 23.3 | 122.39 | 18.51 |
PM13-10-1 | dolomite | 0.3 | −7.4 | 23.2 | 124.23 | 18.51 |
PM13-11-1 | Dolomitic limestone | −0.7 | −6.5 | 24.2 | 122.63 | 14.75 |
PM13-12-1 | dolomite | −0.2 | −7.1 | 23.5 | 123.35 | 17.24 |
PM13-13-1 | Calcareous dolomite | 0.7 | −6 | 24.7 | 125.75 | 12.75 |
PM13-14-1 | Dolomitic limestone | 0.5 | −7 | 23.7 | 124.84 | 16.82 |
PM13-16-1 | Limestone | 1.9 | −6.3 | 24.4 | 128.05 | 13.94 |
Sample No. | V | Cr | Cu | Sr | Th | U | Ba | Sr/Ba | Sr/Cu | Th/U | V/Cr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM04-0-1 | 4.64 | 3.01 | 3.67 | 280 | 0.47 | 1.38 | 26.4 | 10.61 | 76.29 | 0.34 | 1.54 |
PM04-1-1 | 3.39 | 2.35 | 1.84 | 254 | 0.41 | 0.61 | 23.8 | 10.67 | 138.04 | 0.67 | 1.44 |
PM04-2-1 | 2.25 | 1.81 | 1.46 | 243 | 0.39 | 0.73 | 18.4 | 13.21 | 166.44 | 0.53 | 1.24 |
PM04-3-1 | 4.2 | 3.22 | 2.17 | 191 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 19.5 | 9.79 | 88.02 | 0.98 | 1.30 |
PM04-4-1 | 2.98 | 2.52 | 0.8 | 207 | 0.58 | 0.5 | 28 | 7.39 | 258.75 | 1.16 | 1.18 |
PM04-5-1 | 2.17 | 2.08 | 1.21 | 125 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 23.7 | 5.27 | 103.31 | 0.92 | 1.04 |
PM04-6-1 | 2.65 | 2.68 | 1.65 | 217 | 0.7 | 0.73 | 26.8 | 8.10 | 131.52 | 0.96 | 0.99 |
PM04-7-1 | 5.62 | 2.43 | 3.23 | 207 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 26 | 7.96 | 64.09 | 0.93 | 2.31 |
PM04-8-1 | 3.88 | 3.15 | 1.16 | 104 | 0.67 | 0.72 | 24.6 | 4.23 | 89.66 | 0.93 | 1.23 |
PM04-9-1 | 1.7 | 1.57 | 0.74 | 288 | 0.34 | 0.74 | 15.7 | 18.34 | 389.19 | 0.46 | 1.08 |
PM04-10-1 | 2.19 | 2.01 | 0.58 | 212 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 17.6 | 12.05 | 365.52 | 1.21 | 1.09 |
PM04-11-1 | 2.09 | 2.06 | 0.46 | 216 | 0.23 | 1.09 | 16.3 | 13.25 | 469.57 | 0.21 | 1.01 |
PM04-12-1 | 4.81 | 3.4 | 3.22 | 185 | 0.71 | 1.3 | 39.6 | 4.67 | 57.45 | 0.55 | 1.41 |
PM04-13-1 | 4.88 | 3.55 | 1.21 | 142 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 41.5 | 3.42 | 117.36 | 0.89 | 1.37 |
PM13-3-1 | 1.8 | 2.09 | 0.6 | 217 | 0.3 | 0.34 | 27.1 | 8.01 | 560 | 0.88 | 0.86 |
PM13-4-1 | 3.72 | 3.74 | 3.62 | 336 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 53.6 | 6.27 | 88.67 | 0.94 | 0.99 |
PM13-5-1 | 3.18 | 3.14 | 3.6 | 321 | 0.48 | 0.69 | 57.8 | 5.55 | 63.89 | 0.70 | 1.01 |
PM13-6-1 | 5.39 | 3.26 | 1.17 | 230 | 0.79 | 1.12 | 15.4 | 14.94 | 242.74 | 0.71 | 1.65 |
PM13-7-1 | 6 | 3.52 | 2.29 | 284 | 0.91 | 1.26 | 37.7 | 7.53 | 165.07 | 0.72 | 1.70 |
PM13-8-1 | 2.44 | 1.67 | 1.42 | 378 | 0.39 | 1.17 | 15.5 | 24.39 | 264.79 | 0.33 | 1.46 |
PM13-9-1 | 8.54 | 5.93 | 2.04 | 376 | 1.38 | 2.27 | 38.4 | 9.79 | 348.53 | 0.61 | 1.44 |
PM13-10-1 | 3.9 | 3.51 | 4.91 | 711 | 0.81 | 0.7 | 32.4 | 21.94 | 92.26 | 1.16 | 1.11 |
PM13-11-1 | 4.12 | 3.54 | 3.88 | 453 | 0.85 | 1.43 | 45.9 | 9.87 | 94.85 | 0.59 | 1.16 |
PM13-12-1 | 4.53 | 3.91 | 1.78 | 368 | 0.93 | 0.9 | 19.5 | 18.87 | 215.73 | 1.03 | 1.16 |
PM13-13-1 | 8.07 | 7.8 | 2.74 | 384 | 1.31 | 0.99 | 24 | 16.00 | 140.15 | 1.32 | 1.03 |
PM13-14-1 | 7.62 | 5.89 | 2.1 | 368 | 1.6 | 1.49 | 43.6 | 8.44 | 175.24 | 1.07 | 1.29 |
PM13-16-1 | 2.8 | 2.63 | 1.59 | 481 | 0.48 | 0.85 | 29 | 16.59 | 302.52 | 0.56 | 1.06 |
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Wang, L.-X.; Liu, T.-J.; Xiao, H.-J.; Chu, H.-X.; Yan, K.; Wang, Q.-T.; Jiang, W.-Q. Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonates and Indicative Significance of the Sedimentary Environment Based on Carbon–Oxygen Isotopes and Trace Elements: Case Study of the Lower Ordovician Qiulitage Formation in Keping Area, Tarim Basin (NW China). Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7885. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177885
Wang L-X, Liu T-J, Xiao H-J, Chu H-X, Yan K, Wang Q-T, Jiang W-Q. Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonates and Indicative Significance of the Sedimentary Environment Based on Carbon–Oxygen Isotopes and Trace Elements: Case Study of the Lower Ordovician Qiulitage Formation in Keping Area, Tarim Basin (NW China). Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7885. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177885
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Li-Xin, Tian-Jia Liu, Hong-Ji Xiao, Hong-Xian Chu, Kun Yan, Qing-Tong Wang, and Wen-Qin Jiang. 2024. "Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonates and Indicative Significance of the Sedimentary Environment Based on Carbon–Oxygen Isotopes and Trace Elements: Case Study of the Lower Ordovician Qiulitage Formation in Keping Area, Tarim Basin (NW China)" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7885. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177885