Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tooth Sensitivity after Tooth Bleaching: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
- i.
- RCTs investigating the effect of LLLT on TS after in-office TB
- ii.
- a minimum number of 10 patients in each treatment group
- iii.
- test group: LLLT (as a monotherapy) after TB; control group: none; placebo, another desensitizing agent or combination of LLLT with another desensitizing agent; more than two groups are permitted
- iv.
- data related to the reported pain assessment method used
- v.
- studies published in any language
2.2. Literature Search
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Quality Assessment
3. Results
Quality Assessment and Risk of Bias
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Electronic Databases | Search Strategy | Limitations | Final Search (15 May 2024) |
---|---|---|---|
PubMed | (“dentin sensitivity” [MeSH Terms] OR (“dentin” [All Fields] AND “sensitivity” [All Fields]) OR “dentin sensitivity” [All Fields] OR (“tooth” [All Fields] AND “hypersensitivity” [All Fields]) OR “tooth hypersensitivity” [All Fields]) AND (“laser s” [All Fields] OR “lasers” [MeSH Terms] OR “lasers” [All Fields] OR “laser” [All Fields] OR “lasered” [All Fields] OR “lasering” [All Fields]) | No | 531 |
Scopus | (TITLE-ABS KEY ((dentin OR tooth) AND (hypersensitivity OR sensitivity)) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (laser)) | Title, abstract, keywords | 1312 |
Science Direct | Title, abstract, keywords: [(tooth OR dentine) AND (sensitivity OR hypersensitivity)] AND (laser OR lasers) | Title, abstract, keywords | 74 |
Google Scholar | allintitle: hypersensitivity laser tooth OR dentine OR sensitivity | Title | 79 |
Web of science | 518(abstract) AND laser (abstract) | Abstract | 518 |
Ovid | (tooth sensitivity OR hypersensitivity) AND laser | All | 133 |
BMJ evidence-based medicine | “(tooth sensitivity OR hypersensitivity) AND laser” | No | 55 |
proQuest | title(tooth sensitivity OR hypersensitivity) AND title(laser) | Title | 105 |
Greylit.org | tooth sensitivity and laser | No | 0 |
Ethos British Library | tooth sensitivity and laser | No | 1 |
Livivo | TI = (tooth (sensitivity OR hypersensitivity)) AND TI = laser | Title | 30 |
Clinical trials gov | condition or disease:tooth hypersensitivity, other terms: laser | No | 19 |
Meta register of controlled trials (https://trialsearch.who.int/) | tooth hypersensitivity and laser | No | 18 |
Summary | 2875 |
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Author, Year, Country | RCT Study Design (Split-Mouth/Parallel) Number of Patients (N) | Treatment | Laser Characteristics | Bleaching System | Bleaching and Laser Applications | Contribution/Funding | University | Open Access | Outcomes | Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moosavi et al., 2016, [27] Iran | Parallel N = 66 | G1: LLLT (red laser) G2: LLLT (infrared laser) G3: placebo | G1: 660 nm 200 mW 12 J/cm2 G2: 810 nm 200 mW 12 J/cm2 CM | 40% HP | 2 bleaching sessions with 1 week interval 1 laser application | Financial Support—Grant from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences | University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | YES | LLLT: no reduction in TS 1 h after bleaching (p = 0.300), but at 24 and 48 h afterward (p < 0.001). 810 nm wavelength more effective than 660 nm at 24 h (p < 0.05), although both comparable (p > 0.05); significantly lower pain level than the placebo group at 48 h (p < 0.05). | LLLT better at reducing TS than placebo—a suitable strategy to reduce the intensity of TS after in-office bleaching. Infrared diode laser better than red at 48 h. |
Calheiros et al., 2017, [28] Brazil | Parallel N = 50 | G2: placebo G4: LLLT | 780 nm 40 mW 10 J/cm2 CM | 35% HP | 2 bleaching sessions with 1 week interval laser therapy after each session | FGM -> bleaching kits | Ibirapuera University, University of Sao Paulo, University of Campinas | NO | No statistical difference in TS between groups at any time. | Tested PBM parameters not sufficient for preventing TS after in-office dental bleaching. |
De Paula et al., 2018, [29] Brazil | Split-mouth N = 50 | G1: placebo G2: PBM-LLLT G3: KN03 G4: KN03 + PBM-LLLT | 808 nm 60 J/cm2 CM | 35% HP | 3 bleaching sessions with 1 week interval 3 laser applications | - | Federal University of Para, Brazil | YES | TS significantly different between G1 and the other groups (p ≤ 0.05), but not between G2, G3, G4 (p ≥ 0.05). | PGM-LLLT, KN03, and combination of two are all effective at reducing TS after bleaching; similar effect, not synergistic, better than placebo. |
Pompeu et al., 2021, [30] Brazil | Split-mouth N = 50 | G1: placebo G2: PBM G3: strontium chloride 10% G4: strontium chloride 10% + PBM | 808 nm 100 mW 1.7 J, 60 J/cm2 CM | 35% HP | 3 bleaching sessions with 1 week interval 1 laser application | Scholarship support from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development | Federal University of Para, Brazil | YES | G4 showed the greatest reduction in TS after 2nd week (p ≤ 0.05); G2, G3 and G4: no significant difference after the 1st and 3rd weeks (p ≥ 0.05); TS greatest for G1. | Individual and combined use of PBM and STRONTIUM after bleaching reduces TS; no difference assessed after 21 days. |
Yahya et al., 2021, [31] Saudi Arabia | Parallel N = 39 | G1: 5% NaF varnish G2: LLLT G3: 5% NaF+LLLT | 660–900 nm 90 mW CM | 40% HP | 1 bleaching session 1 laser application | Umm At Qura University, Saudi Arabia | YES | Reduction in tooth sensitivity (p < 0.05); no significant difference among groups (p = 0.544). | 5% NaF, LLLT, and combination of both are similarly effective methods for the treatment of post-bleaching TS, with no significant difference among them. | |
Vochikovski et al., 2022, [5] Brazil | Parallel Ν = 83 | G1: placebo G2: PBM | 808 nm 100 mW 100 J/cm2 CM | 35% HP | 2 bleaching sessions with 1 week interval, laser therapy after each session | MMOptics -> loan of laser FGM -> bleaching products, Grant National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CAPES) | State University of Ponta Grossa, Brazil | YES | No statistical difference between groups Risk: G1: 98% (95% CI 88 to 99%) and G2: 95% (95% CI 83 to 99%) (RR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.12; p = 1.0) Intensity: p > 0.65. | Application of PBM does not reduce the risk and intensity of TS. |
Author, Year | Assessment Timeline | Scale Used | Assessment Method |
---|---|---|---|
Moosavi et al., 2016 [27] | 1, 24, and 48 h after therapy | VAS | Pain questionnaire |
Calheiros et al., 2017 [28] | Before bleaching, immediately after, and seven consecutive days after each session | VRS | Pain questionnaire |
De Paula et al., 2018 [29] | Daily for 21 days after therapy | mVAS | Mechanical and evaporative stimulation, pain questionnaire |
Pompeu et al., 2021 [30] | Daily for 21 days after therapy | mVAS | Pain questionnaire |
Yahya et al., 2021 [31] | Before bleaching, immediately after, after proposed desensitizing technique | VAS | Evaporative stimulation – endo ice |
Vochikovski et al., 2022 [5] | Immediately after bleaching, 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h after the 2 bleaching sessions | NRS and VAS | Pain questionnaire |
Bias Arising from the Randomization Process | Bias Due to Deviations from Intended Interventions | Bias Due to Missing Outcome Data | Bias in the Measurement of the Outcome | Bias in the Selection of the Reported Result | Overall Bias | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moosavi et al., 2016 [27] | + | − | + | + | + | − |
Calheiros et al., 2017 [28] | + | − | + | − | + | − |
de Paula et al., 2018 [29] | + | − | + | + | + | − |
Pompeu et al., 2021 [30] | + | − | + | + | + | − |
Yahya et al., 2021 [31] | + | − | + | ? | + | − |
Vochikovski et al., 2022 [5] | + | − | + | + | + | − |
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Giannakopoulou, P.; Neophytou, C.; Karakostas, P.; Papadimitriou, K.; Dionysopoulos, D.; Tolidis, K.; Davidopoulou, S. Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tooth Sensitivity after Tooth Bleaching: A Systematic Review. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 8068. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14178068
Giannakopoulou P, Neophytou C, Karakostas P, Papadimitriou K, Dionysopoulos D, Tolidis K, Davidopoulou S. Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tooth Sensitivity after Tooth Bleaching: A Systematic Review. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):8068. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14178068
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiannakopoulou, Paraskevi, Chariklia Neophytou, Panagiotis Karakostas, Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, Kosmas Tolidis, and Sotiria Davidopoulou. 2024. "Low-Level Laser Therapy for Tooth Sensitivity after Tooth Bleaching: A Systematic Review" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 8068. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14178068