Alfalfa Stalk Crushing Simulation Test and Parameter Optimization Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
3. Key Steps in Modal Analysis and Results
4. Key Steps in Discrete Element Simulation and Results
4.1. Construction of the Alfalfa Stalk Model
4.2. Construction of the Crushing Device Model
4.3. Discrete Element Analysis Results
4.3.1. The Influence of Crushing Structure and Rotation Speed on Stalk Crushing Effect
4.3.2. Orthogonal Experimental Design and Range Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Alfalfa Poisson’s ratio | 0.4 |
Alfalfa density/kg·m−3 | 256 |
Alfalfa shear modulus/MPa | 5.00 |
Steel 45 Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 |
Steel 45 density/kg·m−3 | 7800 |
Steel 45 shear modulus/MPa | 70,000 |
Stalk–stalk collision recovery coefficient | 0.11 |
Stalk–stalk static friction coefficient | 0.45 |
Stalk–stalk rolling friction coefficient | 0.08 |
Stalk–steel 45 collision recovery coefficient | 0.16 |
Stalk–steel 45 static friction coefficient | 0.54 |
Stalk–steel 45 rolling friction coefficient | 0.24 |
Q235 elastic modulus/MPa | 210 × 103 |
Q235 density/ton·mm−3 | 7850 × 10−12 |
Q235 Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 |
Order | Natural Frequency/Hz | Maximum Deformation/mm | Vibration Shape Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 63.67 | 7.86 | The upper beam deformed |
2 | 76.11 | 6.74 | The upper beam deformed |
3 | 91.20 | 9.00 | The upper short beam deformed |
4 | 104.42 | 7.77 | The support plate deformed |
5 | 137.45 | 4.05 | The upper long beam deformed |
6 | 149.84 | 4.48 | The upper beam deformed |
No. | Rotating Speed/r·min−1 | Crushed Structure |
---|---|---|
1 | 2400 | Hammer-crushing structure with a blade |
2 | 3000 | Hammer-crushing structure without blade |
3 | 3600 | Hammer rod-type crushing device |
4 | 4200 | Hob crushing structure |
5 | 4800 | Roller crushing structure |
No. | Rotating Speed/r·min−1 | Crushed Structure | Percentage of Bonding Bonds |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2400 | Hammer-crushing structure with a blade | Y1 |
2 | 2400 | Hammer-crushing structure without blade | Y2 |
3 | 2400 | Hammer rod-type crushing device | Y3 |
4 | 2400 | Hob crushing structure | Y4 |
5 | 2400 | Roller crushing structure | Y5 |
6 | 3000 | Hammer-crushing structure with a blade | Y6 |
7 | 3000 | Hammer-crushing structure without blade | Y7 |
8 | 3000 | Hammer rod-type crushing device | Y8 |
9 | 3000 | Hob crushing structure | Y9 |
10 | 3000 | Roller crushing structure | Y10 |
11 | 3600 | Hammer-crushing structure with a blade | Y11 |
12 | 3600 | Hammer-crushing structure without blade | Y12 |
13 | 3600 | Hammer rod-type crushing device | Y13 |
14 | 3600 | Hob crushing structure | Y14 |
15 | 3600 | Roller crushing structure | Y15 |
16 | 4200 | Hammer-crushing structure with a blade | Y16 |
17 | 4200 | Hammer-crushing structure without blade | Y17 |
18 | 4200 | Hammer rod-type crushing device | Y18 |
19 | 4200 | Hob crushing structure | Y19 |
20 | 4200 | Roller crushing structure | Y20 |
21 | 4800 | Hammer-crushing structure with a blade | Y21 |
22 | 4800 | Hammer-crushing structure without blade | Y22 |
23 | 4800 | Hammer rod-type crushing device | Y23 |
24 | 4800 | Hob crushing structure | Y24 |
25 | 4800 | Roller crushing structure | Y25 |
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Ma, X.; You, Y.; Yang, D.; Wang, D.; Hui, Y.; Li, D.; Wu, H.; Feng, B. Alfalfa Stalk Crushing Simulation Test and Parameter Optimization Method. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041323
Ma X, You Y, Yang D, Wang D, Hui Y, Li D, Wu H, Feng B. Alfalfa Stalk Crushing Simulation Test and Parameter Optimization Method. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(4):1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041323
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Xueting, Yong You, Deqiu Yang, Decheng Wang, Yunting Hui, Daoyi Li, Haihua Wu, and Bowen Feng. 2024. "Alfalfa Stalk Crushing Simulation Test and Parameter Optimization Method" Applied Sciences 14, no. 4: 1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041323