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Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/app15062934
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Application of Machine Learning for Bulbous Bow Optimization Design and Ship Resistance Prediction

by
Yujie Shen
1,
Shuxia Ye
1,2,
Yongwei Zhang
1,2,
Liang Qi
1,2,*,
Qian Jiang
1,
Liwen Cai
1 and
Bo Jiang
1
1
School of Automation, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
2
Jiangsu Shipbuilding and Ocean Engineering Design and Research Institute, Zhenjiang 212100, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 2934; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062934 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 8 February 2025 / Revised: 2 March 2025 / Accepted: 6 March 2025 / Published: 8 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based for Ship Hydrodynamics Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Resistance is a key index of a ship’s hydrodynamic performance, and studying the design of the bulbous bow is an important method to reduce ship resistance. Based on the ship resistance sample data obtained from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, this study uses a machine learning method to realize the fast prediction of ship resistance corresponding to different bulbous bows. To solve the problem of insufficient accuracy in the single surrogate model, this study proposes a CBR surrogate model that integrates convolutional neural networks with backpropagation and radial basis function models. The coordinates of the control points of the NURBS surface at the bulbous bow are taken as the design variables. Then, a convergence factor is introduced to balance the global and local search abilities of the whale algorithm to improve the convergence speed. The sample space is then iteratively searched using the improved whale algorithm. The results show that the mean absolute error and root mean square error of the CBR model are better than those of the BP and RBF models. The accuracy of the model prediction is significantly improved. The optimized bulbous bow design minimizes the ship resistance, which is reduced by 4.95% compared with the initial ship model. This study provides a reliable and efficient machine learning method for ship resistance prediction.
Keywords: bulbous bow design; CFD simulations; surrogate model; resistance prediction bulbous bow design; CFD simulations; surrogate model; resistance prediction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shen, Y.; Ye, S.; Zhang, Y.; Qi, L.; Jiang, Q.; Cai, L.; Jiang, B. Application of Machine Learning for Bulbous Bow Optimization Design and Ship Resistance Prediction. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 2934. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062934

AMA Style

Shen Y, Ye S, Zhang Y, Qi L, Jiang Q, Cai L, Jiang B. Application of Machine Learning for Bulbous Bow Optimization Design and Ship Resistance Prediction. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(6):2934. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062934

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shen, Yujie, Shuxia Ye, Yongwei Zhang, Liang Qi, Qian Jiang, Liwen Cai, and Bo Jiang. 2025. "Application of Machine Learning for Bulbous Bow Optimization Design and Ship Resistance Prediction" Applied Sciences 15, no. 6: 2934. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062934

APA Style

Shen, Y., Ye, S., Zhang, Y., Qi, L., Jiang, Q., Cai, L., & Jiang, B. (2025). Application of Machine Learning for Bulbous Bow Optimization Design and Ship Resistance Prediction. Applied Sciences, 15(6), 2934. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062934

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