Temporal Variations in Soil Enzyme Activities and Responses to Land-Use Change in the Loess Plateau, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Area
2.2. Experimental Design and Soil Sampling
2.3. Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Properties
2.4. Soil Enzyme Assay
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changes in Available Nutrients and Water Content
3.2. Temporal Variation in Soil Enzyme Activities after Afforestation
3.3. Relationship between Soil Properties and Soil Enzyme Activities in CK Lands
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Sites | CK20 | CK30 | CK40 | SC |
---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 36°52′ N 109°21′ E | 36°53′ N 109°21′ E | 36°52′ N 109°21′ E | 36°52′ N 109°21′ E |
Slope aspect (°) | 18 | 15 | 10 | 15 |
Slope degree (°) | NbyW10 | SbyW60 | NbyE12 | SbyW50 |
Elevation (m) | 1258 | 1260 | 1318 | 1263 |
pH | 8.30 ± 0.13 | 8.41 ± 0.10 | 8.33 ± 0.06 | 8.48 ± 0.17 |
SBD (g/cm3) | 1.04 ± 0.02 | 1.12 ± 0.03 | 1.15 ± 0.02 | 1.17 ± 0.03 |
SOC (g/kg) | 3.94 ± 0.46 | 3.73 ± 0.41 | 2.73 ± 0.24 | 1.39 ± 0.22 |
TN (g/kg) | 0.49 ± 0.06 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.19 ± 0.05 |
TP (g/kg) | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 0.54 ± 0.02 | 0.46 ± 0.02 | 0.47 ± 0.03 |
FRB (kg/hm2) | 1518 ± 47.12 | 2448 ± 40.38 | 2605 ± 32.74 | - |
LB (kg/hm2) | 1233 ± 23.65 | 990 ± 8.77 | 719 ± 10.09 | - |
Gleason SR | 2.17 ± 0.04 | 3.22 ± 0.03 | 3.50 ± 0.13 | - |
CD (%) | 71.12 ± 3.82 | 78.22 ± 1.32 | 80.44 ± 2.96 | 40.29 ± 4.05 |
AGB (kg/hm2) | 11023 ± 271.21 | 15130 ± 103.12 | 14500 ± 341.21 | 900 ± 23.25 |
Source | Df | Sum of Squares | Mean Square | F value | Pr > F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DOC | Model | 79 | 776313.47 | 9826.75 | 130.46 | <0.0001 |
Error | 64 | 4820.66 | 75.32 | |||
Total | 143 | 781134.13 | ||||
DON | Model | 79 | 20312.92 | 257.13 | 108.86 | <0.0001 |
Error | 64 | 151.16 | 2.36 | |||
Total | 143 | 20464.08 | ||||
AP | Model | 79 | 224.20 | 2.84 | 8.52 | <0.0001 |
Error | 64 | 21.32 | 0.33 | |||
Total | 143 | 245.52 | ||||
SWC | Model | 79 | 869.46 | 11.01 | 3717.37 | <0.0001 |
Error | 64 | 0.19 | 0.01 | |||
Total | 143 | 869.65 |
Source | DF | Sum of Squares | Mean Square | F value | Pr > F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catalase | Model | 79 | 8.70 | 0.11 | 25.64 | <0.0001 |
Error | 64 | 0.27 | 0.00 | |||
Total | 143 | 8.97 | ||||
Sucrase | Model | 79 | 5645.89 | 71.47 | 49.65 | <0.0001 |
Error | 64 | 92.13 | 1.44 | |||
Total | 143 | 5738.02 | ||||
Urease | Model | 79 | 3.57 | 0.05 | 65.90 | <0.0001 |
Error | 64 | 0.04 | 0.00 | |||
Total | 143 | 3.62 | ||||
Alkaline phosphatase | Model | 79 | 187.66 | 2.38 | 304.84 | <0.0001 |
Error | 64 | 0.50 | 0.01 | |||
Total | 143 | 188.16 |
Enzyme | Growing Season | Stand Age | Depth |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 0.18 * | 0.30 ** | 0.28 ** |
Catalase | 0.25 ** | 0.58 ** | 0.23 * |
Sucrase | 0.16 * | 0.40 ** | 0.32 ** |
Urease | 0.09 NS | 0.34 ** | 0.48 ** |
Alkaline phosphatase | 0.17 * | 0.40 ** | 0.32 ** |
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Deng, J.; Chong, Y.; Zhang, D.; Ren, C.; Zhao, F.; Zhang, X.; Han, X.; Yang, G. Temporal Variations in Soil Enzyme Activities and Responses to Land-Use Change in the Loess Plateau, China. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153129
Deng J, Chong Y, Zhang D, Ren C, Zhao F, Zhang X, Han X, Yang G. Temporal Variations in Soil Enzyme Activities and Responses to Land-Use Change in the Loess Plateau, China. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(15):3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153129
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Jian, Yujie Chong, Dan Zhang, Chengjie Ren, Fazhu Zhao, Xiaoxi Zhang, Xinhui Han, and Gaihe Yang. 2019. "Temporal Variations in Soil Enzyme Activities and Responses to Land-Use Change in the Loess Plateau, China" Applied Sciences 9, no. 15: 3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153129