Study on Low-Speed Steering Resistance Torque of Vehicles Considering Friction between Tire and Pavement
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
very big improvements must be done before considering for publish. Some key concepts and method must be clarified and revised.
In attached file the comments.
the paper cannot be accepted as it is.
Comments for author File: 
Comments.pdf
Author Response
The authors have uploaded the Response to Reviewer 1 Comments as a Word file.
Author Response File: 
Author Response.docx
Reviewer 2 Report
The manuscript proposed an EPS system based on hybrid power constituted by the vehicle power system and the super-capacitor in parallel to address the problem of providing enough power for heavy-duty commercial vehicles under pivot or low-speed steering condition.
The authors have also presented experimental procedure to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in real-world application.
The paper is well-written, well-organized, and would be interesting for readers in the field.
In my view, the paper could be considered for publication in Applied Sciences after addressing the following minor rooms by the authors:
1- The gap analysis in the introduction chapter should be illustrated with more details. In other words, what it the necessity of doing this piece of research.
2- More details about the experimental apparatus is required.
Author Response
The authors have uploaded the Response to Reviewer 2 Comments as a Word file.
Author Response File: Author Response.docx
Reviewer 3 Report
In this paper, author was analyzed the torque characteristics between pavement and tire at low speed to improve the power drive capability of EPS system efficiently.
The author should consider some of the following opinions for clarification of this paper.
Overall, the theoretical basis and experimentation for frictional forces or resistance torques between pavement and tire are well documented.
However, as stated in the summary,
There is no complete system implementation with a super capacitor block to increase the efficiency of the EPS system.
Is it just simulation study and vehicle test for system implementation? It needs to be clear.
p. 5, Fig. 3 (a), it is necessary to indicate the steering friction force in an environment of tire speed of 6 km / h or more.
174 line, Equivalent friction coefficient in this paper is a very important factor for proving simulation results.
A clear description of Equation (1) and a reference to the fitting variable are required.
288 line, Fig. 7 needs to be separated into (a) and (b), and it should be described as simulation results on MATLAB or test-stand.
p. 11, 5.2 vehicle experiment,
If the equipments of the steering wheel meter, laser speed detector and Gyroscope used in the vehicle test are conventinal equipment, detailed specification, manufacturer etc. are described.
In addition, the author should clarify whether the steering wheel meter is measuring torque as well or comparing the estimated torque based on the angle of the steering wheel meter.
Fig. 10 shows a comparison between simulation and vehicle test.
The author should clarify and consider the difference between two experiments more clearly.
The results of both experiments are similar but not identical. You should mention deviation for each environment.
The authors conclude that this study is based only on the experimental results of steering wheel angle, torque, and so on.
Therefore, it is necessary to mention the future-oriented effects that can be obtained from this study in the summary and conclusion of the paper.
Author Response
The authors have uploaded the Response to Reviewer 3 Comments as a Word file.
Author Response File: Author Response.docx
Round 2
Reviewer 1 Report
the authors avoid answering to the issue posed by reviewer. Explanations are misleading and make the reviewer think that the authors does not have clear in mind the problem and the physics concerning the tire-ground contact.
Reviewer 2 Report
The authors have done a great job in addressing my concerns and the current version of the manuscript could be considered for publication in applied sciences.
Reviewer 3 Report
My suspicion has been resolved.
