Cortical Activity Linked to Clocking in Deaf Adults: fNIRS Insights with Static and Animated Stimuli Presentation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Task Involving Clocking
2.3. Experimental Setting
2.4. fNIRS Data Processing
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Whole Brain Analysis
3.2. Analysis Per Region
3.2.1. Frontal Region
3.2.2. Central Region
3.2.3. Occipital Region
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participant | Deafness Onset | Hearing Aid Used | Language Used |
---|---|---|---|
S1 | From birth | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S2 | Before 2 years old | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S3 | From birth | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S4 | From birth | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S5 | From birth | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S6 | From birth | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S7 | From birth | Cochlear implant used in the past | Oral and French sign language |
S8 | From birth | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S9 | From birth | Prosthesis currently used | French sign language |
S10 | After 2 years old | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S11 | From birth | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S12 | After 2 years old | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S13 | Before 2 years old | Prosthesis used in the past | French sign language |
S14 | Before 2 years old | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S15 | Before 2 years old | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S16 | From birth | Prosthesis used in the past | French sign language |
S17 | From birth | Prosthesis used in the past | French sign language |
S18 | From birth | Prosthesis currently used | Oral and French sign language |
S19 | From birth | Prosthesis used in the past | French sign language |
Participant | Frontal (1–6; 47–52) | Occipital (24–29) | PAreSMA (9–13; 40–44) | Discarded Region (s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 49 | 24–28 | 44 | Occipital |
D2 | None | 25; 27; 28; 29 | None | Occipital |
D3 | 1 | None | None | |
D4 | 4; 5; 47; 48 | 27–29 | None | Occipital |
D5 | None | None | 44 | |
D6 | 3; 6; 52 | None | 11 | |
D7 | 1; 4; 5; 47; 52 | None | 12; 44 | |
D8 | 6 | None | None | |
D9 | None | 24; 28; 29 | 42 | Occipital |
D10 | 1–47; 49; 52 | 24; 25; 27; 28 | 41 | Frontal and occipital |
D11 | 47; 50; 52 | None | None | |
D12 | 3–5; 47–52 | 24–29 | All | Global |
D13 | 1–3 | 27–29 | None | Occipital |
D14 | 1–3 | None | None | |
D15 | None | 27–29 | None | Occipital |
D16 | 1–5; 47–50 | 24; 26; 27 | 9–12; 41–44 | Global |
D17 | 1; 4 | 24–29 | 12; 40 | Occipital |
D18 | None | None | None | |
D19 | None | 29 | None | |
H1 | None | All | None | Occipital |
H2 | 1–6; 47; 49; 50; 52 | 25; 26 | 9; 10; 12; 13; 41–44 | Frontal and central |
H3 | 49 | None | None | |
H4 | 47 | 28 | None | |
H5 | 1–4; 6; 47–52 | 26–29 | 9–13; 4–44 | Global |
H6 | None | None | None | |
H7 | None | 24; 26; 27 | 10;13;42 | Occipital |
H8 | None | None | None | |
H9 | 2–4; 6; 47; 49; 51; 52 | 27 | 10;12;13;41 | Frontal |
H10 | 1–6; 47–52 | All | 9–13; 40–44 | Global |
H11 | None | 26 | None | |
H12 | 1;47;52 | None | None | |
H13 | None | 26–29 | None | Occipital |
H14 | 5;52 | 24; 26; 28; 29 | 11;43;44 | Occipital |
H15 | 2; 5; 6; 47; 49; 52 | 25–29 | 9–12; 41–44 | Global |
H16 | 47;52 | None | None | |
H17 | 47;52 | None | 11;40;42 | |
H18 | 2; 3; 6; 47; 50; 52 | 27; 28 | 12; 13; 40; 41; 43; 44 | Frontal and central |
Main Effect | Interaction | ||
---|---|---|---|
FORMAT | GROUP | FORMAT × GROUP | |
Frontal | F (1, 26) = 0.917, p = 0.347, η2 = 0.012 | F (1, 26) = 8.439, p = 0.007, η2 = 0.157 | F (1, 26) = 1.231, p = 0.277, η2 = 0.016 |
Central | F (1, 28) = 4.281, p = 0.048, η2 = 0.029 | F (1, 28) = 2.148 p = 0.154, η2 = 0.055 | F (1, 28) = 0.528, p = 0.473, η2 = 0.004 |
Occipital | F (1, 18) = 2.180, p = 0.157, η2 = 0.037 | F (1, 18) = 1.069, p = 0.315, η2 = 0.037 | F (1, 18) = 0.137, p = 0.715, η2 = 0.002 |
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Laurent, S.; Paire-Ficout, L.; Boucheix, J.-M.; Argon, S.; Hidalgo-Muñoz, A.R. Cortical Activity Linked to Clocking in Deaf Adults: fNIRS Insights with Static and Animated Stimuli Presentation. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020196
Laurent S, Paire-Ficout L, Boucheix J-M, Argon S, Hidalgo-Muñoz AR. Cortical Activity Linked to Clocking in Deaf Adults: fNIRS Insights with Static and Animated Stimuli Presentation. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(2):196. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020196
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaurent, Sébastien, Laurence Paire-Ficout, Jean-Michel Boucheix, Stéphane Argon, and Antonio R. Hidalgo-Muñoz. 2021. "Cortical Activity Linked to Clocking in Deaf Adults: fNIRS Insights with Static and Animated Stimuli Presentation" Brain Sciences 11, no. 2: 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020196
APA StyleLaurent, S., Paire-Ficout, L., Boucheix, J. -M., Argon, S., & Hidalgo-Muñoz, A. R. (2021). Cortical Activity Linked to Clocking in Deaf Adults: fNIRS Insights with Static and Animated Stimuli Presentation. Brain Sciences, 11(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020196