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Volume 11
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Article

Substance Use Outcomes from Two Formats of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Aggressive Children: Moderating Roles of Inhibitory Control and Intervention Engagement

by
John E. Lochman
1,2,3,*,
Caroline L. Boxmeyer
4,
Chuong Bui
3,
Estephan Hakim
1,
Shannon Jones
2,
Francesca Kassing
1,
Kristina McDonald
1,
Nicole Powell
2,
Lixin Qu
2 and
Thomas Dishion
5,†
1
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
2
Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
3
Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
4
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
5
REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Deceasedon 2018.
Brain Sci. 2021, 11(7), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070950
Submission received: 29 May 2021 / Revised: 7 July 2021 / Accepted: 14 July 2021 / Published: 19 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disruptive Behavior Disorders: Symptoms, Evaluation and Treatment)
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Abstract

Although cognitive-behavioral interventions have reduced the risk of substance use, little is known about moderating factors in children with disruptive behaviors. This study examined whether aggressive preadolescents’ inhibitory control and intervention engagement moderates the effect of group versus individual delivery on their substance use. Following screening for aggression in 4th grade, 360 children were randomly assigned to receive the Coping Power intervention in either group or individual formats. The sample was primarily African American (78%) and male (65%). Assessments were made of children’s self-reported substance use from preintervention through a six-year follow-up after intervention, parent-reported inhibitory control at preintervention, and observed behavioral engagement in the group intervention. Multilevel growth modeling found lower increases in substance use slopes for children with low inhibitory control receiving individual intervention, and for children with higher inhibitory control receiving group intervention. Children with low inhibitory control but who displayed more positive behavioral engagement in the group sessions had slower increases in their substance use than did similar children without positive engagement. Aggressive children’s level of inhibitory control can lead to tailoring of group versus individual delivery of intervention. Children’s positive behavioral engagement in group sessions is a protective factor for children with low inhibitory control.
Keywords: substance use; aggression; cognitive-behavioral; group intervention substance use; aggression; cognitive-behavioral; group intervention

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lochman, J.E.; Boxmeyer, C.L.; Bui, C.; Hakim, E.; Jones, S.; Kassing, F.; McDonald, K.; Powell, N.; Qu, L.; Dishion, T. Substance Use Outcomes from Two Formats of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Aggressive Children: Moderating Roles of Inhibitory Control and Intervention Engagement. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070950

AMA Style

Lochman JE, Boxmeyer CL, Bui C, Hakim E, Jones S, Kassing F, McDonald K, Powell N, Qu L, Dishion T. Substance Use Outcomes from Two Formats of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Aggressive Children: Moderating Roles of Inhibitory Control and Intervention Engagement. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(7):950. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070950

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lochman, John E., Caroline L. Boxmeyer, Chuong Bui, Estephan Hakim, Shannon Jones, Francesca Kassing, Kristina McDonald, Nicole Powell, Lixin Qu, and Thomas Dishion. 2021. "Substance Use Outcomes from Two Formats of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Aggressive Children: Moderating Roles of Inhibitory Control and Intervention Engagement" Brain Sciences 11, no. 7: 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070950

APA Style

Lochman, J. E., Boxmeyer, C. L., Bui, C., Hakim, E., Jones, S., Kassing, F., McDonald, K., Powell, N., Qu, L., & Dishion, T. (2021). Substance Use Outcomes from Two Formats of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Aggressive Children: Moderating Roles of Inhibitory Control and Intervention Engagement. Brain Sciences, 11(7), 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070950

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