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Article

A Case Study on Neural Activity Characteristics in a Shooting Competition

1
School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100091, China
2
Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(2), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020174
Submission received: 26 December 2024 / Revised: 3 February 2025 / Accepted: 8 February 2025 / Published: 10 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Neurotechnology and Neuroimaging)

Abstract

Background: Sexual characteristics in brain neurophysiological activity are a significant area of research in cognitive neuroscience. As a sport that involves minimal physical movement, shooters remain largely stationary during aiming, facilitating the collection of their neural activity compared to athletes in other sports. Objectives: To investigate the neural characteristics of novice shooters of different genders under competitive conditions. Methods: Sixteen subjects participated in a shooting competition following four weeks of training. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data and behavioral data (shooting scores, aiming curves, and pressure curves) were recorded during the competition, and the power spectral density (PSD) and phase-locking value (PLV) network features were extracted to explore further the correlation between the shooting scores and neural activity. Results: In our sample, (1) there were no significant differences in shooting scores between males and females; (2) there were differences in PSD values across the theta, alpha, alpha-2, beta, and gamma frequency bands between males and females; and (3) there were differences in PLV network properties in the theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands between males and females. Correlation analysis revealed associations between shooting scores and neural activity in male and female novices. Conclusions: The case study demonstrated that males and females exhibited different neural activity characteristics in the shooting competition, providing a foundation for further investigation into the sex differences in neural activity in shooting competition.
Keywords: shooting competition; EEG; neural activity; PSD; PLV shooting competition; EEG; neural activity; PSD; PLV

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Z.; Liu, M.; Si, Z.; Huang, J.; Xu, Y.; Zhao, Z. A Case Study on Neural Activity Characteristics in a Shooting Competition. Brain Sci. 2025, 15, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020174

AMA Style

Li Z, Liu M, Si Z, Huang J, Xu Y, Zhao Z. A Case Study on Neural Activity Characteristics in a Shooting Competition. Brain Sciences. 2025; 15(2):174. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020174

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Zijin, Meiliang Liu, Zhengye Si, Junhao Huang, Yunfang Xu, and Zhiwen Zhao. 2025. "A Case Study on Neural Activity Characteristics in a Shooting Competition" Brain Sciences 15, no. 2: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020174

APA Style

Li, Z., Liu, M., Si, Z., Huang, J., Xu, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2025). A Case Study on Neural Activity Characteristics in a Shooting Competition. Brain Sciences, 15(2), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020174

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