Tea Tree Oil Mediates Antioxidant Factors Relish and Nrf2-Autophagy Axis Regulating the Lipid Metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Statement
2.2. Experimental Materials, Design, and Growth Evaluation
- WGR (%) = (Final weight − Initial weight)/initial weight × 100
- SGR(%/day) = (Ln final weight − Ln initial weight) × 100/days
- FCR = Dry feed intake (g)/weight gain (g)
- HSI (%) = (Hepatopancreas weight/ final weight) × 100
2.3. Samples Collection
2.4. Sample Analysis
2.4.1. Antioxidant, Peroxide, and Lipid Parameters Analysis
2.4.2. ROS Levels
2.4.3. Oil Red O Staining, H&E Stainings, and Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.4.4. Haemolymph Biochemical Parameters
2.5. Real-Time Quantitative PCR (qPCR)
2.6. Western Blot Analysis
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Evaluation
3.2. Morphological Characteristics of Hepatopancreas
3.3. Hepatopancreatic Cell Function
3.4. Lipid Contents in Hepatopancreas
3.5. Lipid Metabolism Enzymes Activities and Gene Expression
3.6. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Peroxidase Levels in Hepatopancreas
3.7. Different TTO Levels Affect Oxidative Stress in the Hepatopancreas
3.8. Autophagy-Related Genes and EM Observation
3.9. Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients (g kg−1) | CT | 100TTO | 1000TTO |
---|---|---|---|
Fish meal 1 | 750.00 | 750.00 | 750.00 |
Chellocken meal 1 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 150.00 |
Blood globulin powder 1 | 60.00 | 60.00 | 60.00 |
Shrimp meal 1 | 240.00 | 240.00 | 240.00 |
Soybean meal 2 | 570.00 | 570.00 | 570 |
Repeseed meal 2 | 300.00 | 300.00 | 300 |
Shrimp meal 1 | 240.00 | 240.00 | 240.00 |
Squid extract 1 | 90.00 | 90.00 | 90.00 |
Soybean oil 2 | 60.00 | 60.00 | 60.00 |
Fish oil 2 | 60.00 | 60.00 | 60.00 |
α-starch 1 | 600.00 | 600.00 | 600.00 |
Soy lecithin oil 1 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 |
Ecdysone 1 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
MCP | 60.00 | 60.00 | 60.00 |
Premix 3 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 |
Choline chloride 4 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 |
Bentonite 4 | 29.70 | 29.40 | 26.70 |
10% Tea Tree Oil | 0.00 | 3.00 | 30.00 |
Total | 3000.00 | 3005.40 | 3054.00 |
Proximate analysis (%) | |||
Moisture | 10.40 | 9.48 | 9.68 |
Crude protein | 40.91 | 39.46 | 40.29 |
Crude lipid | 9.76 | 9.06 | 9.54 |
Ash | 17.43 | 16.52 | 16.87 |
Index | Groups | ||
---|---|---|---|
CT | 100TTO | 1000TTO | |
Survival rate (%) | 82.50 b ± 3.23 | 85.00 b ± 5.50 | 72.50 a ± 4.62 |
Initial weight (g) | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.00 |
Final weight (g) | 2.84 ± 0.10 a | 3.05 ± 0.14 ab | 3.44 ± 0.44 b |
Weight gain rate (%) | 1839.82 ± 51.39 a | 1942.06 ± 117.08 ab | 2130.23 ± 107.98 b |
Specific growth rate (%/day) | 6.18 ± 0.05 a | 6.27 ± 0.12 a | 6.42 ± 0.26 b |
Feed conversion ratio | 1.33 ± 0.04 b | 1.15 ± 0.01 a | 1.26 ± 0.04 b |
Hepatopancreas index (%) | 7.23 ± 1.06 b | 5.73 ± 0.86 a | 10.73 ± 0.42 c |
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Liu, M.; Zheng, X.; Sun, C.; Zhou, Q.; Liu, B.; Xu, P. Tea Tree Oil Mediates Antioxidant Factors Relish and Nrf2-Autophagy Axis Regulating the Lipid Metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 2260. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112260
Liu M, Zheng X, Sun C, Zhou Q, Liu B, Xu P. Tea Tree Oil Mediates Antioxidant Factors Relish and Nrf2-Autophagy Axis Regulating the Lipid Metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(11):2260. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112260
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Mingyang, Xiaochuan Zheng, Cunxin Sun, Qunlan Zhou, Bo Liu, and Pao Xu. 2022. "Tea Tree Oil Mediates Antioxidant Factors Relish and Nrf2-Autophagy Axis Regulating the Lipid Metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii" Antioxidants 11, no. 11: 2260. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112260