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Antioxidants
Volume 11
Issue 6
10.3390/antiox11061153
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Review

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Synovial Microenvironment

by
Xing Wang
1,2,
Danping Fan
2,3,
Xiaoxue Cao
2,3,
Qinbin Ye
1,2,
Qiong Wang
1,2,
Mengxiao Zhang
2 and
Cheng Xiao
2,4,*
1
School of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
2
Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
3
Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
4
Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061153
Submission received: 22 April 2022 / Revised: 6 June 2022 / Accepted: 9 June 2022 / Published: 13 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Diseases: Focus on Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis)
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Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that begins with a loss of tolerance to modified self-antigens and immune system abnormalities, eventually leading to synovitis and bone and cartilage degradation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are commonly used as destructive or modifying agents of cellular components or they act as signaling molecules in the immune system. During the development of RA, a hypoxic and inflammatory situation in the synovium maintains ROS generation, which can be sustained by increased DNA damage and malfunctioning mitochondria in a feedback loop. Oxidative stress caused by abundant ROS production has also been shown to be associated with synovitis in RA. The goal of this review is to examine the functions of ROS and related molecular mechanisms in diverse cells in the synovial microenvironment of RA. The strategies relying on regulating ROS to treat RA are also reviewed.
Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; reactive oxygen species; synovium; synovium microenvironment rheumatoid arthritis; reactive oxygen species; synovium; synovium microenvironment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, X.; Fan, D.; Cao, X.; Ye, Q.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, M.; Xiao, C. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Synovial Microenvironment. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061153

AMA Style

Wang X, Fan D, Cao X, Ye Q, Wang Q, Zhang M, Xiao C. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Synovial Microenvironment. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(6):1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061153

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Xing, Danping Fan, Xiaoxue Cao, Qinbin Ye, Qiong Wang, Mengxiao Zhang, and Cheng Xiao. 2022. "The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Synovial Microenvironment" Antioxidants 11, no. 6: 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061153

APA Style

Wang, X., Fan, D., Cao, X., Ye, Q., Wang, Q., Zhang, M., & Xiao, C. (2022). The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Synovial Microenvironment. Antioxidants, 11(6), 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061153

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