Transcriptome and 16S rRNA Analyses Reveal That Hypoxic Stress Affects the Antioxidant Capacity of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Resulting in Intestinal Tissue Damage and Structural Changes in Microflora
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fish Maintenance
2.2. Determination of 96h-LH50
2.3. Sample Collection
2.4. Determination of Serum Biochemical Indices
2.5. Histopathological Analysis of Intestine Samples
2.6. Detection of Intestinal Cell Apoptosis in Largemouth Bass
2.7. Sequencing and Analysis of Intestinal Transcriptome
2.7.1. Construction and Sequencing of mRNA Libraries
2.7.2. Data Filtering, Read Mapping and Detection of Differentially Expressed Genes
2.7.3. Identification of DEGs in Intestines by qRT-PCR
2.8. Sequencing and Analysis of Intestinal Microorganisms in 16S rRNA
2.8.1. DNA Extraction and Sequencing
2.8.2. Statistical and Bioinformatic Analysis
2.9. Transcriptome and Intestinal Microorganism Correlation Analyses
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Determination of 96h-LH50 in Largemouth Bass
3.2. Determination of Antioxidant Capacity of Largemouth Bass under Hypoxic Stress and Reoxygenation
3.3. Intestinal Histological Structure of Largemouth Bass under Hypoxic Stress and Reoxygenation
3.4. Intestinal Cell Apoptosis in Largemouth Bass under Hypoxic Stress and Recovery
3.5. Transcriptome Analysis of Largemouth Bass under Hypoxic Stress and Reoxygenation
3.6. Sequencing and Analysis of Intestinal 16S rRNA of Largemouth Bass under Hypoxic Stress and Reoxygenation
3.7. Correlations between Intestinal Microorganisms and DEGS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Time (h) | Dissolved Oxygen Levels (mg/L) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.4 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.15 | |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
24 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 31.7 | 50 |
48 | 0 | 0 | 46.7 | 58.3 | 73.3 |
72 | 0 | 0 | 68.3 | 78.3 | 100 |
96 | 0 | 6.7 | 78.3 | 91.7 | 100 |
Hyp_0 h | Hyp_6 h | Hyp_24 h | Hyp_96 h | Rec_96 h | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Villi Length (μm) | 654.85 ± 54.48 | 630.65 ± 42.79 | 452.70 ± 52.72 | 498.94 ± 61.55 | 518.87 ± 94.61 |
Villi Thickness (μm) | 93.37 ± 6.48 | 89.14 ± 7.11 | 75.05 ± 2.36 | 76.77 ± 1.45 | 78.80 ± 5.6 |
Muscle Layer Thickness (μm) | 83.34 ± 3.37 a | 67.09 ± 7.46 ab | 53.87 ± 4.90 bc | 42.01 ± 3.91 c | 64.04 ± 4.62 abc |
Hyp_0 h | Hyp_6 h | Hyp_24 h | Hyp_96 h | Rec_96 h | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Apoptotic Cells | 18.42 ± 4.09 a | 75.33 ± 12.45 a | 291.58 ± 35.16 b | 978.08 ± 237.68 c | 333.08 ± 31.99 b |
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Song, Z.; Ye, W.; Tao, Y.; Zheng, T.; Qiang, J.; Li, Y.; Liu, W.; Xu, P. Transcriptome and 16S rRNA Analyses Reveal That Hypoxic Stress Affects the Antioxidant Capacity of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Resulting in Intestinal Tissue Damage and Structural Changes in Microflora. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010001
Song Z, Ye W, Tao Y, Zheng T, Qiang J, Li Y, Liu W, Xu P. Transcriptome and 16S rRNA Analyses Reveal That Hypoxic Stress Affects the Antioxidant Capacity of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Resulting in Intestinal Tissue Damage and Structural Changes in Microflora. Antioxidants. 2023; 12(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Zhuo, Wei Ye, Yifan Tao, Tao Zheng, Jun Qiang, Yan Li, Wenting Liu, and Pao Xu. 2023. "Transcriptome and 16S rRNA Analyses Reveal That Hypoxic Stress Affects the Antioxidant Capacity of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Resulting in Intestinal Tissue Damage and Structural Changes in Microflora" Antioxidants 12, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010001