The Implementation and Impact of a Revised National Childhood Immunization Schedule in an Urban Asian Community
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites and Population
2.2. Vaccination Schedule
2.3. Data Extraction, Processing and Audit
2.4. Outcomes Definitions
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Old National Childhood Immunization Schedule | New National Childhood Immunization Schedule | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | HepB | 5-in-1 1 | PCV13 | MMR | Month | 6-in-1 2 | 5-in-1 1 | PCV13 | MMR | Varicella | Influenza |
1st | D1 | ||||||||||
2nd | D1 | ||||||||||
3rd | D1 | D1 | |||||||||
4th | D2 | 4th | D1 | D1 | |||||||
5th | D3 | D2 | |||||||||
6th | D2 | 6th | D2 | D2 | D1 | ||||||
12th | D1 | 12th | D1 | D1 |
NCIS | Total, n (%) | Old, n (%) | New, n (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
21,213 | 10,915 | 10,298 | ||
Age Group in Months | 0.338 | |||
1–5 | 6789 (32) | 3525 (32.3) | 3264 (31.7) | |
6–11 | 10,519 (49.6) | 5359 (49.1) | 5160 (50.1) | |
12–13 | 3905 (18.4) | 2031 (18.6) | 1874 (18.2) | |
Gender | 0.412 | |||
Female | 10,359 (48.8) | 5360 (49.1) | 4999 (48.5) | |
Male | 10,854 (51.2) | 5555 (50.9) | 5299 (51.5) | |
Race | <0.001 | |||
Chinese | 12,871 (60.7) | 6733 (61.7) | 6138 (59.6) | |
Malay | 5390 (25.4) | 2780 (25.5) | 2610 (25.3) | |
Indian | 1694 (8.0) | 808 (7.4) | 886 (8.6) | |
Others | 1258 (5.9) | 594 (5.4) | 664 (6.4) | |
6-Month Vaccination * | <0.001 | |||
Did not adhere to schedule | 4155 (28.8) | 2517 (34.1) | 1638 (23.3) | |
Adherence to schedule | 10,269 (71.2) | 4873 (65.9) | 5396 (76.7) | |
Less than 6 months | 6789 | 3525 | 3264 | |
12-Month Vaccination * | 0.179 | |||
Did not adhere to schedule | 1564 (40.1) | 834 (41.1) | 730 (39.0) | |
Adherence to schedule | 2341 (59.9) | 1197 (58.9) | 1144 (61.0) | |
Less than 12 months | 17308 | 8884 | 8424 |
Demographics of Children Who Fulfilled 12-Month Vaccination | Demographics of Children Who Did Not Fulfill 12-Month Vaccination Despite Eligibility (12 Months Old) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total, n (%) | Old, n (%) | New, n (%) | p-Value | Total, n (%) | Old, n (%) | New, n (%) | p-Value | |
n | 2341 | 1197 (51.1) | 1144 (48.9) | 1564 | 834 (53.3) | 730 (46.7) | ||
Gender | 0.511 | 0.735 | ||||||
Female | 1197 (51.1) | 620 (51.8) | 577 (50.4) | 762 (48.7) | 403 (48.3) | 359 (49.2) | ||
Male | 1144 (48.9) | 577 (48.2) | 567 (49.6) | 802 (51.3) | 431 (51.7) | 371 (50.8) | ||
Race | 0.145 | 0.003 | ||||||
Chinese | 1554 (66.4) | 806 (67.3) | 748 (65.4) | 883 (56.5) | 450 (54.0) | 433 (59.3) | ||
Malay | 562 (24.0) | 281 (23.5) | 281 (24.6) | 166 (10.6) | 247 (29.6) | 161 (22.1) | ||
Indian | 140 (6.0) | 76 (6.3) | 64 (5.6) | 408 (26.1) | 89 (10.7) | 77 (10.5) | ||
Others | 85 (3.6) | 34 (2.8) | 51 (4.5) | 107 (6.8) | 48 (5.8) | 59 (8.1) | ||
Cost to healthcare system mean (SD) | 811.55 (34.20) | 837.81 (25.23) | 784.06 (15.78) | <0.001 | 495.35 (225.18) | 478.54 (242.78) | 514.56 (201.33) | <0.001 |
Cost to parents mean (SD) | 400.19 (29.4) | 0 | 174.50 (143.7) | 0 |
Cost of Vaccination at Private Clinics/Clinic Groups | PCV13 | MMR | 5-in-1 | 6-in-1 | Hepatitis B | Varicella | Influenza |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinic A | SGD 200.05 | SGD 37.45 | SGD 107 | SGD 128.40 | SGD 55.64 | SGD 89.88 | SGD 48.15 |
Clinic B * | SGD 125–164 | SGD 38 | SGD 91 | SGD 110–113 | SGD 28–65 | SGD 75–90 | SGD 70 |
Clinic C | SGD 125 | - | - | - | SGD 75 | SGD 90 | - |
GP Group Practice D | SGD 150 | - | - | - | - | - | SGD 42.80 |
GP Group Practice E | SGD 166 | - | SGD 86 | SGD 133 | - | - | SGD 80.25 |
Mean | SGD 157.20 | SGD 37.73 | SGD 94.67 | SGD 124.30 | SGD 59.05 | SGD 87.46 | SGD 60.30 |
Cost | Old National Childhood Immunization Schedule | New National Childhood Immunization Schedule | |||||
To healthcare system, mean (SD) | 501.31 (257.34) | 486.22 (236.52) | |||||
To parents, mean (SD) | 194.64 (149.12) | 0 |
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Tan, N.C.; Tan, Q.; Aau, W.K.; Ng, C.W.M. The Implementation and Impact of a Revised National Childhood Immunization Schedule in an Urban Asian Community. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071148
Tan NC, Tan Q, Aau WK, Ng CWM. The Implementation and Impact of a Revised National Childhood Immunization Schedule in an Urban Asian Community. Vaccines. 2022; 10(7):1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071148
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, Ngiap Chuan, Qifan Tan, Wai Keong Aau, and Chung Wai Mark Ng. 2022. "The Implementation and Impact of a Revised National Childhood Immunization Schedule in an Urban Asian Community" Vaccines 10, no. 7: 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071148
APA StyleTan, N. C., Tan, Q., Aau, W. K., & Ng, C. W. M. (2022). The Implementation and Impact of a Revised National Childhood Immunization Schedule in an Urban Asian Community. Vaccines, 10(7), 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071148