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Volume 12
Issue 6
10.3390/vaccines12060562
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Article

Eosinophils Play a Surprising Leading Role in Recurrent Urticaria in Horses

by
Katharina Birkmann
1,2,
Fadi Jebbawi
1,3,4,
Nina Waldern
1,
Sophie Hug
1,
Victoria Inversini
1,3,4,
Giulia Keller
1,3,4,
Anja Holm
1,5,
Paula Grest
6,
Fabia Canonica
1,3,4,
Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
3,4,7 and
Antonia Fettelschoss-Gabriel
1,3,4,*
1
Evax AG, Im Binz 3, 8357 Guntershausen, Switzerland
2
Equine Department, Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich LMU, Sonnenstrasse 14, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
3
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
4
Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
5
Central VetPharma Consultancy, Hauchsvej 7, 4180 Sorø, Denmark
6
Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
7
Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, The Circle 59, 8058 Zurich-Airport, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060562
Submission received: 3 April 2024 / Revised: 15 May 2024 / Accepted: 16 May 2024 / Published: 21 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Animal Health)
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Abstract

Urticaria, independent of or associated with allergies, is commonly seen in horses and often shows a high reoccurrence rate. Managing these horses is discouraging, and efficient treatment options are lacking. Due to an incidental finding in a study on horses affected by insect bite hypersensitivity using the eosinophil-targeting eIL-5-CuMV-TT vaccine, we observed the prevention of reoccurring seasonal urticaria in four subsequent years with re-vaccination. In an exploratory case series of horses affected with non-seasonal urticaria, we aimed to investigate the role of eosinophils in urticaria. Skin punch biopsies for histology and qPCR of eosinophil associated genes were performed. Further, two severe, non-seasonal, recurrent urticaria-affected horses were vaccinated using eIL-5-CuMV-TT, and urticaria flare-up was followed up with re-vaccination for several years. Eotaxin-2, eotaxin-3, IL-5, CCR5, and CXCL10 showed high sensitivity and specificity for urticarial lesions, while eosinophils were present in 50% of histological tissue sections. The eIL-5-CuMV-TT vaccine reduced eosinophil counts in blood, cleared clinical signs of urticaria, and even prevented new episodes of urticaria in horses with non-seasonal recurrent urticaria. This indicates that eosinophils play a leading role in urticaria in horses, and targeting eosinophils offers an attractive new treatment option, replacing the use of corticosteroids.
Keywords: urticaria; horses; IL-5 vaccination; eosinophils urticaria; horses; IL-5 vaccination; eosinophils

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Birkmann, K.; Jebbawi, F.; Waldern, N.; Hug, S.; Inversini, V.; Keller, G.; Holm, A.; Grest, P.; Canonica, F.; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P.; et al. Eosinophils Play a Surprising Leading Role in Recurrent Urticaria in Horses. Vaccines 2024, 12, 562. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060562

AMA Style

Birkmann K, Jebbawi F, Waldern N, Hug S, Inversini V, Keller G, Holm A, Grest P, Canonica F, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, et al. Eosinophils Play a Surprising Leading Role in Recurrent Urticaria in Horses. Vaccines. 2024; 12(6):562. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060562

Chicago/Turabian Style

Birkmann, Katharina, Fadi Jebbawi, Nina Waldern, Sophie Hug, Victoria Inversini, Giulia Keller, Anja Holm, Paula Grest, Fabia Canonica, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, and et al. 2024. "Eosinophils Play a Surprising Leading Role in Recurrent Urticaria in Horses" Vaccines 12, no. 6: 562. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060562

APA Style

Birkmann, K., Jebbawi, F., Waldern, N., Hug, S., Inversini, V., Keller, G., Holm, A., Grest, P., Canonica, F., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., & Fettelschoss-Gabriel, A. (2024). Eosinophils Play a Surprising Leading Role in Recurrent Urticaria in Horses. Vaccines, 12(6), 562. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060562

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