Indonesian Mothers’ Experience of Their Daughter’s HPV Vaccination, and Factors Associated with Their Willingness to Recommend HPV Vaccination for Girls
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants and Recruitment
3. Materials
3.1. Socio-Demographic Information
3.2. Daughters’ HPV Vaccination Experience
3.3. Respondents’ History of CC Screening
3.4. Knowledge of HPV, HPV Vaccination, and CC
3.5. Mothers’ Satisfaction with Health Information
4. Data Analysis
5. Results
5.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics
5.2. Mothers’ Experience of Daughters’ HPV Vaccination at School
5.2.1. Provision of Key Health Information and Consent Procedures before HPV Vaccination
5.2.2. Experience of Side Effects and Willingness to Recommend HPV Vaccination for Girls
5.2.3. Knowledge of HPV, HPV Vaccination, and CC
5.2.4. Factors Associated with Mothers’ Willingness to Recommend HPV Vaccination for Girls
6. Discussion
Study Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
True | False | ||
---|---|---|---|
1. | Human Papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer. | X | |
2. | Only women can get HPV infections. | X | |
3. | HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). | X | |
4. | Pap smear or visual inspection with acetic acid can detect pre-cancerous cells. | X | |
5. | Cervical cancer can be cured if detected early. | X | |
6. | Only married women can develop cervical cancer. | X | |
7. | Women with cervical cancer sometimes have no symptoms. | X | |
8. | All HPV vaccines are effective protection against cervical cancer. | X | |
9. | The best time to get HPV vaccination is before one begins sexual contact. | X | |
10. | Regular Pap smear is not needed after one has been fully vaccinated against HPV. | X |
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Demographics | City | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Jakarta | Yogyakarta | N | % | |
Age | ||||
29–39 | 27 | 28 | 55 | 38.5 |
40–49 | 25 | 30 | 55 | 38.5 |
50–57 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 6.2 |
Missing | 15 | 9 | 24 | 16.8 |
Highest education level | ||||
Higher education | 13 | 21 | 34 | 23.7 |
Senior high school | 45 | 41 | 86 | 60.1 |
Junior high school | 10 | 6 | 16 | 11.2 |
Primary school | 5 | 1 | 6 | 4.2 |
Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.8 |
Economic status | ||||
Low income | 15 | 50 | 65 | 45.5 |
Middle income | 40 | 9 | 49 | 34.3 |
High income | 10 | 5 | 15 | 10.5 |
Missing | 9 | 5 | 14 | 9.7 |
History of CC screening | ||||
Yes | 21 | 18 | 39 | 27.3 |
No | 53 | 51 | 104 | 72.7 |
Had a friend/family member with CC experience | ||||
Yes | 6 | 3 | 9 | 6.3 |
No | 68 | 66 | 134 | 93.7 |
Daughter’s Vaccination Status | ||||
Number of HPV vaccines received by daughter | ||||
1 dose | 31 | 32 | 63 | 44 |
2 doses | 34 | 27 | 61 | 42.7 |
Don’t remember | 9 | 10 | 19 | 13.3 |
Before HPV Vaccination | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
City | Total | |||
Jakarta | Yogyakarta | N | % | |
Access to information regarding HPV, HPV vaccine, and CC | ||||
Respondent received information about HPV, HPV vaccine, CC from school or health worker (N = 141) | ||||
Yes | 48 | 40 | 88 | 62.4 |
No | 24 | 29 | 53 | 37.6 |
(IF NO) Interest in receiving written information? (N = 53) | ||||
Yes | 21 | 25 | 46 | 86.8 |
No | 1 | 3 | 4 | 7.50 |
Don’t know | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5.70 |
Respondent received information regarding the HPV vaccine side effects (N = 138) | ||||
Yes | 34 | 29 | 63 | 45.7 |
No | 38 | 37 | 75 | 54.3 |
(IF NO) Interest in receiving written information (N =73) | ||||
Yes | 33 | 30 | 63 | 86.3 |
No | 3 | 4 | 7 | 9.60 |
Don’t know | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4.10 |
Consent before HPV vaccination | ||||
Consented to daughter’s HPV vaccination either verbally or in writing (N = 140) | ||||
Yes | 51 | 48 | 99 | 70.7 |
No | 10 | 14 | 24 | 17.1 |
Don’t remember | 11 | 6 | 17 | 12.2 |
Experience After HPV Vaccination | ||||
Daughter’s experience of the HPV vaccine side effects | ||||
Experience of side effects after receiving HPV vaccination (N = 141) | ||||
Yes | 4 | 8 | 12 | 8.50 |
No | 63 | 57 | 120 | 85.2 |
Don’t remember | 5 | 4 | 9 | 6.30 |
Recommending HPV vaccination for girls | ||||
Willingness to recommend HPV vaccines to other female friends/relatives (N = 140) | ||||
Yes | 59 | 50 | 109 | 77.8 |
No | 6 | 8 | 14 | 10 |
Don’t know | 7 | 10 | 17 | 12.2 |
Correct n (%) | Incorrect n (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
1. | Human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer. | 115 (80.4) | 28 (19.6) |
2. | Only women can get HPV infections. | 28 (19.7) | 114 (80.3) |
3. | HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). | 85 (60.3) | 56 (39.7) |
4. | Pap smear or visual inspection with acetic acid can detect pre-cancerous cells. | 109 (76.2) | 34 (23.8) |
5. | Cervical cancer can be cured if detected early. | 122 (85.3) | 21 (14.7) |
6. | Only married women can develop cervical cancer. | 77 (53.8) | 66 (46.2) |
7. | Women with cervical cancer sometimes have no symptoms. | 68 (47.6) | 75 (52.4) |
8. | All HPV vaccines are effective protection against cervical cancer. | 101 (70.6) | 42 (29.4) |
9. | The best time to get HPV vaccination is before one begins sexual contact. | 82 (57.7) | 62 (42.3) |
10. | Regular Pap smear is not needed after one has been fully vaccinated against HPV. | 72 (50.7) | 70 (49.3) |
Highest Level of Education Attained | n | Mean Estimate | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
Primary and secondary high school | 22 | 5.50 | 4.36–6.64 |
Senior high school | 82 | 5.67 | 5.18–6.16 |
Higher education | 31 | 7.35 | 6.58–8.13 |
Category | n | (M ± SD) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Had CC screening | 37 | (6.6 ± 2.0) | 0.143 |
No CC screening | 103 | (5.8 ± 2.4) |
Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Exp (B) (95% CI) | Exp (B) (95% CI) | Exp (B) (95% CI) | Exp (B) (95% CI) | |
Mother’s age | 0.948 (0.874–1.030) | 0.922 (0.839–1.043) | 0.950 (0.866–1.040) | 0.915 (0.822–1.020) |
City of residence—Jakarta (Ref: Yogyakarta) | 1.261 (0.496–3.209) | 1.279 (0.448–3.655) | 1.218 (0.449–3.308) | 1.466 (0.455–4.724) |
Highest education–Primary or Secondary level (Ref: Higher education) | 1.024 (0.249–4.205) | 0.651 (0.133–3.182) | 1.027 (0.224–4.702) | 0.448 (0.066–3.019) |
Highest education—High School level (Ref: Higher education) | 1.385 (0.267–7.173) | 0.533 (0.076–3.741) | 2.894 (0.467–17.917) | 0.961 (0.098–9.456) |
Total knowledge scores | 1.661 *** (1.293–2.134) | 1.748 *** (1.320–2.314) | ||
Satisfaction with the given information (Ref: did not receive any or satisfactory information) | 7.308 *** (2.448–21.820) | 9.871 *** (2.688–36.242) |
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Dewi, S.M.; Utomo, A.J.; Bennett, L.R.; Wilopo, S.A.; Barrett, A. Indonesian Mothers’ Experience of Their Daughter’s HPV Vaccination, and Factors Associated with Their Willingness to Recommend HPV Vaccination for Girls. Vaccines 2024, 12, 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090998
Dewi SM, Utomo AJ, Bennett LR, Wilopo SA, Barrett A. Indonesian Mothers’ Experience of Their Daughter’s HPV Vaccination, and Factors Associated with Their Willingness to Recommend HPV Vaccination for Girls. Vaccines. 2024; 12(9):998. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090998
Chicago/Turabian StyleDewi, Setiyani Marta, Ariane Juliana Utomo, Linda Rae Bennett, Siswanto Agus Wilopo, and Anna Barrett. 2024. "Indonesian Mothers’ Experience of Their Daughter’s HPV Vaccination, and Factors Associated with Their Willingness to Recommend HPV Vaccination for Girls" Vaccines 12, no. 9: 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090998