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Article

Influenza Vaccination in Italian Healthcare Workers (2018–2019 Season): Strengths and Weaknesses. Results of a Cohort Study in Two Large Italian Hospitals

by
Donatella Panatto
1,2,*,
Piero Luigi Lai
1,2,
Stefano Mosca
2,
Elvina Lecini
1,
Andrea Orsi
1,2,
Alessio Signori
1,
Silvana Castaldi
3,4,
Elena Pariani
2,3,
Laura Pellegrinelli
3,
Cristina Galli
3,
Giovanni Anselmi
3,
Giancarlo Icardi
1,2 and
CIRI-IT Team
1,3,5,†
1
Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
2
Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
3
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via C. Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy
4
Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Via F. Sforza 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
5
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Laura Sticchi 1, Francesca Zangrillo 1, Mariasilvia Iovine 1, Francesca Marchini 1, Federico Grammatico 1, Beatrice Marina Pennati 1, Monica Zacconi 1, Federico Tassinari 1, Claudia Arcuri 1, Paola Canepa 1, Patrizia Caligiuri 1, Emanuela Rappazzo 1, Giulia Guarona 1, Gaia Barisione 1, Serena Varesano 1, Laura Cavazzana 3, Davide Carnevali 3, Gabriele Del Castillo 3, Giovanni Forni 3, Cecilia Gandolfi 3, Ludovico Grimoldi 3, Pietro Magnoni 3, Marco Mosillo 3, Anna Pietronigro 3, Niccolò Principi 3, Navpreet Tiwana 3, Angela Battistini 5, Anna Maria Di Bella 5, Barbara Guglielmi 5, Dorotea Bellina 5, Antonella Talamini 5, Valerio Daturi 5, Roberto Ziferro 5.
Vaccines 2020, 8(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010119
Submission received: 31 January 2020 / Revised: 28 February 2020 / Accepted: 28 February 2020 / Published: 5 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness)
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Abstract

Background: Annual vaccination is the most effective way to combat influenza. As influenza viruses evolve, seasonal vaccines are updated annually. Within the European project Development of Robust and Innovative Vaccine Effectiveness (DRIVE), a cohort study involving Italian healthcare workers (HCWs) was carried out during the 2018-2019 season. Two aims were defined: to measure influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza cases and to conduct an awareness-raising campaign to increase vaccination coverage. Methods: Each subject enrolled was followed up from enrollment to the end of the study. Each HCW who developed ILI was swabbed for laboratory confirmation of influenza. Influenza viruses were identified by molecular assays. A Cox regression analysis, crude and adjusted for confounding variables, was performed to estimate the IVE. Results: Among the 4483 HCWs enrolled, vaccination coverage was 32.5%, and 308 ILI cases were collected: 23.4% were positive for influenza (54.2% A(H1N1) pdm09; 45.8% A(H3N2)). No influenza B viruses were detected. No overall IVE was observed. Analyzing the subtypes of influenza A viruses, the IVE was estimated as 45% (95% CI: -59 to 81) for A(H1N1) pdm09. Conclusions: Vaccination coverage among HCWs increased. Study difficulties and the circulation of drifted variants of A(H3N2) could partly explain the observed IVE.
Keywords: influenza; influenza vaccination; healthcare workers; laboratory-confirmed influenza; influenza vaccination coverage influenza; influenza vaccination; healthcare workers; laboratory-confirmed influenza; influenza vaccination coverage

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Panatto, D.; Lai, P.L.; Mosca, S.; Lecini, E.; Orsi, A.; Signori, A.; Castaldi, S.; Pariani, E.; Pellegrinelli, L.; Galli, C.; et al. Influenza Vaccination in Italian Healthcare Workers (2018–2019 Season): Strengths and Weaknesses. Results of a Cohort Study in Two Large Italian Hospitals. Vaccines 2020, 8, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010119

AMA Style

Panatto D, Lai PL, Mosca S, Lecini E, Orsi A, Signori A, Castaldi S, Pariani E, Pellegrinelli L, Galli C, et al. Influenza Vaccination in Italian Healthcare Workers (2018–2019 Season): Strengths and Weaknesses. Results of a Cohort Study in Two Large Italian Hospitals. Vaccines. 2020; 8(1):119. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010119

Chicago/Turabian Style

Panatto, Donatella, Piero Luigi Lai, Stefano Mosca, Elvina Lecini, Andrea Orsi, Alessio Signori, Silvana Castaldi, Elena Pariani, Laura Pellegrinelli, Cristina Galli, and et al. 2020. "Influenza Vaccination in Italian Healthcare Workers (2018–2019 Season): Strengths and Weaknesses. Results of a Cohort Study in Two Large Italian Hospitals" Vaccines 8, no. 1: 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010119

APA Style

Panatto, D., Lai, P. L., Mosca, S., Lecini, E., Orsi, A., Signori, A., Castaldi, S., Pariani, E., Pellegrinelli, L., Galli, C., Anselmi, G., Icardi, G., & CIRI-IT Team. (2020). Influenza Vaccination in Italian Healthcare Workers (2018–2019 Season): Strengths and Weaknesses. Results of a Cohort Study in Two Large Italian Hospitals. Vaccines, 8(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010119

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