Pneumococcal Vaccination for Children in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Quality Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Systematic Search
3.2. Characteristics of Included Studies
3.2.1. Study Design
3.2.2. Cost Component
3.2.3. Study Findings
3.2.4. Quality of Reporting
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author, Year | Country | Model Type | Type of Vaccine(s) | Time Horizon | Inclusion of Herd Effect | Outcome Measure(s) | Sensitivity Analysis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lee et al., (2009) [29] | Hong Kong | Decision tree | PCV-7 | 10 year | Yes | LYs | One-way |
Sohn et al., (2010) [46] | Korea | Decision tree | PCV-7 | 5 year | No | LYs | One-way and PSA |
Wu et al., (2012) [43] | Taiwan | Age-structured transmission dynamic model | PCV-13 | 10 year | Yes | LYs | One-way and PSA |
Hoshi et al., (2012) [39] | Japan | Markov | PCV-7 | 5 year | Yes | LYs and QALYs | One-way |
Lee et al., (2013) [28] | Hong Kong | Decision tree | PCV-10 and PCV-13 | 10 year | Yes | LYs and QALYs | One-way, two-way, and PSA |
Kulpeng et al., (2013) [47] | Thailand | Markov | PCV-10 and PCV-13 | Lifetime | Yes | QALYs | One-way and PSA |
Wu et al., (2013) [27] | Taiwan | Decision tree | PCV-7 | 10 year | Yes | LYs | One-way |
Hoshi et al., (2013) [38] | Japan | Markov | PCV-13 | 5 year | Yes | LYs and QALYs | One-way and PSA |
Shiragami et al., (2014) [20] | Japan | Markov | PCV-10 and PCV-13 | 5 year | Yes | QALYs | One-way and PSA |
Zhang et al., (2014) [36] | The Philippines | Markov | PCV-10 and PCV-13 | Lifetime | Yes | QALYs | One-way and PSA |
Hu et al., (2014) [30] | China | Decision tree | PCV-7 | 1 year | Yes | LYs, QALYs, pneumonia-related Illness | One-way |
Aljunid et al., (2014) [34] | Malaysia | Markov | PCV-10 and PCV-13 | Lifetime | Yes | LYs and QALYs | One way |
Che et al., (2014) [32] | China | Decision-tree | PCV-7 | 5 year | Yes | QALYs | One-way and PSA |
Haasis et al., (2015) [31] | The Phillipines | Markov | PCV-10 and PCV-14 | Lifetime (CUA) and 5 year (BIA) | Yes | QALYs | One way |
Caldwell et al., (2015) [33] | China | Decision tree | PCV-7 | 1 year | Yes | LYs and QALYs | One-way |
Maurer et al., (2016) [26] | China | Markov | PCV-7, PCV-10, and PCV-13 | Lifetime | Yes | QALYs | One way, two-way, and PSA |
Mo et al., (2016) [48] | China | Markov | PCV 7, PCV 13, PPV 23 | Lifetime | Yes | QALYs, mortality | One-way and PSA |
Wu et al., (2016) [42] | Malaysia and Hong Kong | Markov | PCV-10 and PCV-13 | 10 year | Yes | LYs and QALYs | One-way and PSA |
Sundaram et al., (2017) [45] | Mongolia | Age-stratified decision tree | PCV-13 | 30 year (CEA) 10 year (BIA) | Yes | DALYs | One-way |
Wang et al., (2017) [44] | Malaysia | Markov | PCV-10 and PCV-13 | 10 year | No | QALYs | One-way and PSA |
Zhang et al., (2018) [25] | Korea | Markov | PCV-10 and PCV-13 | 10 year | No | QALYs | One-way and PSA |
Dorji et al., (2018) [37] | Bhutan | Markov | PCV-10 and PCV-13 | 1 year | Yes | QALYs, pneumococcal-related Illness, mortality | One-way and PSA |
Zhou et al., (2018) [35] | China | Markov | PCV-13 | Lifetime | Yes | QALYs | One-way and PSA |
Shen et al., (2018) [41] | China | Decision tree | PCV-13 | 1 year | Yes | LYs, QALYs, mortality | One-way |
Khrisnamoorty et al., (2019) [40] | India | Decision tree | PCV-13 | 10 year | No | DALYs, pneumococcal-related Illness, mortality | PSA |
Reference | Perspective | Discount Rates | Costs Data | Willingness to Pay Threshold (International $ 2018) | Main Findings | Most Influential Parameter in Sensitivity Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cost | Outcome | Direct Costs | Indirect Costs | ||||||
Medical | Non-Medical | ||||||||
[29] | Payer and Societal | 5% | 5% | Direct acute cost per infection, and long-term cost per disability | Transportation cost for outpatient visits and hospital stays | Productivity loss of caregiver | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV-7 would be cost saving compared to no vaccination | Vaccine cost, herd effect, and incidence of pneumonia |
[46] | Societal | 5% | 5% | Treatment of pneumococcal diseases and clinical sequelae (e.g., prescribed medications, medical procedures, and diagnostic tests) | Transportation cost for outpatient visits and hospital stays | Productivity loss of caregiver owing to pneumococcal disease morbidity | ICER below 360,000 | PCV-7 would not be cost-effective compared to no vaccination | Annual incidence of pneumonia, AOM, and bacteremia |
[43] | Payer and Societal | 3% | 3% | Hospitalization, health-care professional consultation, ICU admissions, medications, and diagnostic tests for IPD, pneumonia, AOM | NR | Productivity loss of patient due to non-fatal pneumococcal diseases and pneumococcal death and caregiver time | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV-13 would be cost-effective | Vaccine price, recovery rate, incidence of pneumonia and the vaccine-immunity period |
[39] | Societal | 3% | 3% | Treatment of pneumococcal diseases and meningitis sequelae | NR | Productivity loss of caregiver for vaccine uptake and medical treatment, and for taking care of a child with sequelae | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV-7 would be cost-effective | Vaccine effectiveness in reducing AOM, care-giver’s productivity loss |
[28] | Payer | 5% | 5% | Pneumococcal-related disease cost, hospitalization, outpatient cost of pneumonia, and AOM (e.g., GP and complications) | NA | NA | 1 time GDP per capita | PCV-10 would be cost-saving compared to PCV-13 | Cost for inpatient myringotomy and changes in AOM-Related parameters |
[47] | Societal | 3% | 3% | Treatment cost per episode of meningitis, hospitalization due to pneumonia-related illness | Transportation and accommodation | Productivity loss of caregiver | 1 time GDP per capita | PCV10 and PCV13 would not be cost-effective | Discount rate, change in duration of vaccine protection, and the incidence of pneumonia |
[27] | Payer and Societal | 3% | 3% | Treatment of pneumococcal-related disease (i.e., hospitalization, healthcare professional consultation fees, intensive care admissions, medications, and diagnostic tests) | NR | Productivity loss of patient due to non-fatal pneumococcal diseases and pneumococcal death and caregiver time | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV-7 would be cost effective compared to no vaccination | Vaccine price, herd effect on pneumonia, and mortality rate of pneumonia |
[38] | Societal | 3% | 3% | Treatment of pneumococcal diseases and meningitis sequelae | NR | Productivity loss of caregiver for vaccine uptake and medical treatment, and for taking care of a child with sequelae | 1–3 times GDP per capita JPY | PCV-13 would be a socially acceptable option compared to current PCV-7 vaccination if PCV-13 had additional protection against AOM compared to PCV-7 and cost PCV-13 per dose is 1.7 times less than that of PCV-7 | Vaccine effectiveness in reducing AOM |
[20] | Health care provider and societal | 3% | 3% | Treatment cost, admission days and outpatient visits | NR | Wages lost due to acute episodes | ICER below 45.000 | PCV-10 would be cost saving compared to PCV-13 | PCV-10 efficacy against AOM, percentage reduction in myringotomy, and changes in other AOM-related parameters |
[36] | Government | 5% | 5% | Hospitalization, inpatient/outpatient diagnostic tests, medication/vaccine costs, and health care professionals’ fees | NA | NA | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV-10 would be cost effective compared with no vaccination and cost-saving compared to PCV-13 | Percent reduction in CAP hospitalization, hospitalization for CAP, and vaccine efficacy |
[30] | Payer | 5% | 5% | Hospitalization and physician consultation fees, diagnostic tests, and medication expenses for pneumococcal-related diseases | NA | NA | Max 3 times GDP per capita | PCV-7 would be cost-effective | Percent reduction in disease incidence among the unvaccinated population, vaccine price, vaccine coverage level |
[34] | Government | 5% | 5% | Outpatient treatment and hospitalization cost | NA | NA | 1 time GDP per capita | PCV-10 would be cost effective compared to no vaccination and cost-saving compared to PCV-13 | GP visits for AOM and PCV-10 efficacy |
[32] | Societal | 3% | 3% | Medical cost of meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, AOM, long-term cost of sequelae | NR | Productivity loss of caregiver | 1 time GDP per capita | PCV-7 would not be cost effective | Cost of PCV-7 per dose, the reduction of IPD for herd immunity in adults and annual incidence of IPD in children |
[31] | Health system | 3,5% | 3,5% | Cost per episode of meningitis, bacteremia and sepsis, all-cause pneumonia hospitalization, all-cause pneumonia outpatients | NA | NA | 1 time GDP per capita | CUA: both PCV-10 and PCV-13 would be cost-effective compared to vaccination. PCV13 achieved better value for money compared to PCV10. BIA: cost of national PCV immunization program is expected to be higher than current healthcare budget. | Vaccine cost, exclusion of herd effect, and vaccine efficacy |
[33] | Payer | 3% | 3% | Hospitalization, physician consultation, diagnostic tests, nursing and medication expenses for all-cause pneumonia and pneumococcal-related illness | NA | NA | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV7 would be cost-effective during a typical influenza season and cost-saving during an influenza pandemic | Variation in the herd effect and vaccine coverage |
[26] | Payer | 3% | 3% | Treatment of pneumonia-related illness and complications | _ | NR | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV-13 would be cost-saving compared to PCV-7 and PCV-10 | Utility of AOM, the cost of PCV-13, incidence of pneumonia and AOM |
[48] | Societal | 3% | 3% | Treatment of pneumonia-related illness | NR | NR | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PPV-23 would be the most cost-effective vaccine, followed by PCV-13 | Efficacy of PPV-23 against pneumonia, cost of PCV-13, and cost of PCV-7 |
[42] | Payer and Societal | 3% | 3% | Treatment of pneumococcal-related illness and lifetime cost of meningitis sequelae | NR | Productivity loss | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV-13 would be cost saving compared to PCV-10, under both payer and societal perspective in both countries | In Malaysia: PCV-10 and PCV-13 coverage In Hongkong: direct cost of treating hospitalized pneumonia and case-fatality ratio (CFR) of hospitalized pneumonia In Malaysia: PCV-10 and PCV-13 coverage In Hongkong: direct cost of treating hospitalized pneumonia and CFR of hospitalized pneumonia |
[45] | Health system and societal | 3% | 3% | Hospitalization and health center consultation costs | NR | Productivity loss | 1 time GDP per capita | CEA: PCV-13 would be cost-effective compared to no vaccination. BIA: PCV-13 would reduce direct cost to the healthcare budget and societal cost | Vaccine serotype coverage, disease burden, vaccine efficacy |
[44] | Government | 3% | 3% | Hospitalization due to pneumonia-related illness and complications and GP consultation | NA | NA | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV-10 would be cost effective compared to no vaccination and cost-saving compared to PCV-13 | PCV-10 efficacy against AOM and disutility weight for AOM |
[25] | Government | 5% | 5% | Hospitalization and outpatient due to pneumonia-related illness and GP consultation | NA | NA | 1 time GDP per capita | PCV-10 would be cost-saving compared to PCV-13 | Disutility for outpatient AOM, PCV-13% reduction in myringotomy, and GP visits for AOM. |
[37] | Government | 3% | 3% | Treatment of pneumococcal-related illness, hospitalization due to pneumonia, and treatment of meningitis sequelae | NA | NA | 1 time GDP per capita | Both PCV-10 and PCV-13 are cost-effective, with PCV-13 yields better health outcomes in terms of episodes of pneumococcal disease, number of deaths, and would incur a lower five-year budget. | Variation in coverage, duration of vaccine protection, excluding indirect vaccine effects (herd protection), and discount rate |
[35] | Health system and societal | 5% | 5% | Treatment of pneumococcal-related illness and lifetime cost of meningitis sequelae | NR | Productivity lost | 1 time GDP per capita | PCV-13 would be cost effective | CAP-related parameters (annual incidence of CAP, case-fatality of hospitalized CAP and S. pneumoniae isolation rate for pneumonia) and cost of PCV-13 |
[41] | Payer | 3% | 3% | Treatment of pneumococcal-related illness, all-cause otitis media, and hospitalization due to pneumonia | NA | NA | 1–3 times GDP per capita | PCV-13 would be cost-effective at a threshold of 1–3 GDP per capita when considering direct vaccine effects only or indirect effects for rare invasive disease cases only. When indirect effects for the more frequently occurring inpatient pneumonia was included, the results are highly cost-effective at 1 times GDP per capita | incidence rates of inpatient pneumonia |
[40] | Government | 3% | 3% | Hospitalization and outpatient due to pneumococcal-related illness | NA | NA | 1 time GDP per capita | PCV-13 would be cost effective | Vaccine cost |
Author, Year/Country | PCV7 | PCV10 | PCV13 | PPV23 | Administration Cost |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lee, 2009/Hongkong | 112.52 | − | − | − | 2.72 |
Sohn, 2010/Korea | 94.18 | − | − | − | − |
Wu, 2012/Taiwan | − | − | 107.01 | − | 5.49 |
Hoshi, 2012/Japan | 92.09 | − | − | − | − |
Lee, 2013/Hong Kong | − | 52.64 | 52.64 | − | − |
Kulpeng, 2013/Thailand | − | 127.56 | 170.97 | − | (6.38–8.55) |
Wu, 2013/Taiwan | − | 91.55 | − | − | 5.48 |
Hoshi, 2013/Japan | 92.34 | − | 120.04 | − | − |
Shiragami, 2014/Japan | − | 69.67 | 69.67 | − | 37.74 |
Zhang, 2014/The Philippines | − | 48.51 | 48.51 | − | − |
Hu, 2014/China | 253.02 | − | − | − | 2.94 |
Aljunid, 2014/Malaysia | − | 173.04 | 173.04 | − | − |
Che, 2014/China | 146.25 | − | − | − | 2.14 |
Haasis, 2015/The Philippines | − | 36.73 | 41.20 | − | − |
Caldwell, 2015/China | 253.02 | − | − | − | 2.94 |
Maurer, 2016/China | 157.37 | 157.37 | 157.37 | − | 2.16 |
Mo, 2016/China | 147.14 | 147.14 | − | 32.51 | 1.71 |
Wu, 2016/Malaysia-Hongkong | − | 59.29 (Malaysia) 26.95 (Hongkong) | 59.29 (Malaysia) 44.19 (Hongkong) | − | − |
Sundaram, 2017/Mongolia | − | − | 3.56 | − | 0.15 |
Wang, 2017/Malaysia | − | 36.92 | 36.92 | − | − |
Zhang, 2018/Korea | − | 57.16 | 57.16 | − | 18.53 |
Dorji, 2018/Bhutan | − | 3.19 | 3.71 | − | 3.91 |
Zhou, 2018/China | − | − | ~61.45 | − | − |
Shen, 2018/China | − | − | 172.44 | − | − |
Krishnamoorthy, 2019/India | − | − | 3.45–71.14 | − | 0.03 |
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Zakiyah, N.; Insani, W.N.; Suwantika, A.A.; van der Schans, J.; Postma, M.J. Pneumococcal Vaccination for Children in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies. Vaccines 2020, 8, 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030426
Zakiyah N, Insani WN, Suwantika AA, van der Schans J, Postma MJ. Pneumococcal Vaccination for Children in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies. Vaccines. 2020; 8(3):426. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030426
Chicago/Turabian StyleZakiyah, Neily, Widya N. Insani, Auliya A. Suwantika, Jurjen van der Schans, and Maarten J. Postma. 2020. "Pneumococcal Vaccination for Children in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies" Vaccines 8, no. 3: 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030426
APA StyleZakiyah, N., Insani, W. N., Suwantika, A. A., van der Schans, J., & Postma, M. J. (2020). Pneumococcal Vaccination for Children in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies. Vaccines, 8(3), 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030426