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Article

Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis in Adult At-Risk Patients

by
Lise Boey
1,*,
Eline Bosmans
1,
Liane Braz Ferreira
1,
Nathalie Heyvaert
1,
Melissa Nelen
1,
Lisa Smans
1,
Hanne Tuerlinckx
1,
Mathieu Roelants
2,
Kathleen Claes
3,
Inge Derdelinckx
4,
Wim Janssens
5,
Chantal Mathieu
6,
Johan Van Cleemput
7,
Robin Vos
8,
Isabelle Desombere
9 and
Corinne Vandermeulen
1,2
1
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University Vaccinology Center, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, P.O. Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
2
Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, P.O. Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
3
Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
4
Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
5
Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
6
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
7
Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
8
Department of Respiratory Diseases—Lung Transplantation Unit, University Hospitals of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
9
NRC Bordetella Pertussis and NRC Toxigenic Corynebacteria, Sciensano (Public Health Belgium), Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2021, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010018
Submission received: 27 November 2020 / Revised: 16 December 2020 / Accepted: 30 December 2020 / Published: 4 January 2021
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Patients with chronic diseases are at increased risk of complications following infection. It remains, however, unknown to what extend they are protected against vaccine-preventable diseases. We assessed seroprevalence of antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis to evaluate whether current vaccination programs in Belgium are adequate. Antibody titers were assessed with a bead-based multiplex assay in serum of 1052 adults with chronic diseases. We included patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) (n = 172), DM2 (n = 77), chronic kidney disease (n = 130), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 170), heart failure (n = 77), HIV (n = 196) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients (n = 230). Factors associated with seroprevalence were analysed with multiple logistic regression. We found seroprotective titers in 29% for diphtheria (≥0.1 IU/mL), in 83% for tetanus (≥0.1 IU/mL) and 22% had antibodies against pertussis (≥5 IU/mL). Seroprotection rates were higher (p < 0.001) when vaccinated within the last ten years. Furthermore, diphtheria seroprotection decreased with age (p < 0.001). Tetanus seroprotection was less reached in women (p < 0.001) and older age groups (p < 0.001). For pertussis, women had more often a titer suggestive of a recent infection or vaccination (≥100 IU/mL, p < 0.01). We conclude that except for tetanus, the vast majority of at-risk patients remains susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases such as diphtheria and pertussis.
Keywords: seroprevalence; patients; diphtheria; tetanus; pertussis seroprevalence; patients; diphtheria; tetanus; pertussis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Boey, L.; Bosmans, E.; Ferreira, L.B.; Heyvaert, N.; Nelen, M.; Smans, L.; Tuerlinckx, H.; Roelants, M.; Claes, K.; Derdelinckx, I.; et al. Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis in Adult At-Risk Patients. Vaccines 2021, 9, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010018

AMA Style

Boey L, Bosmans E, Ferreira LB, Heyvaert N, Nelen M, Smans L, Tuerlinckx H, Roelants M, Claes K, Derdelinckx I, et al. Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis in Adult At-Risk Patients. Vaccines. 2021; 9(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010018

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boey, Lise, Eline Bosmans, Liane Braz Ferreira, Nathalie Heyvaert, Melissa Nelen, Lisa Smans, Hanne Tuerlinckx, Mathieu Roelants, Kathleen Claes, Inge Derdelinckx, and et al. 2021. "Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis in Adult At-Risk Patients" Vaccines 9, no. 1: 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010018

APA Style

Boey, L., Bosmans, E., Ferreira, L. B., Heyvaert, N., Nelen, M., Smans, L., Tuerlinckx, H., Roelants, M., Claes, K., Derdelinckx, I., Janssens, W., Mathieu, C., Van Cleemput, J., Vos, R., Desombere, I., & Vandermeulen, C. (2021). Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis in Adult At-Risk Patients. Vaccines, 9(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010018

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