The Underestimated Prevalence of Neglected Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women, a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in France
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Design of the CONSTANCES Cohort Project
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Strengths and Limitations
4.3. Interpretation
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age of Participants Number of Participants (Range, y) | (18–24) n = 2386 n (%) | (25–29) n = 3493 n (%) | (30–34) n = 3821 n (%) | (35–39) n = 4052 n (%) | (40–44) n = 4180 n (%) | (45–49) n = 3355 n (%) | Total n = 21,287 n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass Index (BMI), (kg/m²) | |||||||
BMI < 18.5 (n = 1133) | 223 (9.5) | 198 (5.8) | 235 (6.3) | 223 (5.7) | 155 (3.8) | 99 (3.0) | 1133(5.5) |
18.5 < BMI < 25 (n = 14,039) | 1686 (72.2) | 2448 (72.0) | 2586 (69.7) | 2622 (66.6) | 2628 (64.6) | 2069 (63.3) | 14,039 (67.8) |
25 < BMI < 30 (n = 3778) | 311 (13.3) | 510 (15.0) | 633 (17.1) | 728 (18.5) | 844 (20.8) | 752 (23.0) | 3778 (18.2) |
30 < BMI < 35 (n = 1205) | 84 (3.6) | 162 (4.8) | 187 (5.0) | 230 (5.8) | 298 (7.3) | 244 (7.5) | 1205 (5.8) |
35 < BMI < 40 (n = 408) | 25 (1.1) | 60 (1.8) | 50 (1.3) | 92 (2.3) | 102 (2.5) | 79 (2.4) | 408 (2.0) |
BMI > 40 (n = 153) | 7 (0.3) | 21 (0.6) | 21 (0.6) | 41 (1.0) | 38 (0.9) | 25 (0.8) | 153 (0.7) |
Smoking status | |||||||
Never smoker (n = 10,312) | 1313 (56.4) | 1846 (54.4) | 1701 (46.0) | 1936 (49.3) | 2020 (50.1) | 1496 (46.3) | 10,312 (50.1) |
Former smoker (n = 5226) | 262 (11.3) | 573 (16.9) | 952 (25.8) | 1123 (28.6) | 1181 (29.3) | 1135 (35.2) | 5226 (25.4) |
Smoker (n = 5062) | 752 (32.3) | 976 (28.7) | 1042 (28.2) | 866 (22.1) | 828 (20.6) | 598 (18.5) | 5062 (24.6) |
Employment status | |||||||
Not working (n = 3624) | 1280 (54.7) | 618 (18.0) | 488 (13.0) | 480 (12.1) | 435 (10.6) | 323 (9.8) | 3624 (17.3) |
Working (n = 17,311) | 1060 (45.3) | 2817 (82.0) | 3272 (87.0) | 3499 (87.9) | 3685 (89.4) | 2978 (90.2) | 17311(82.7) |
Geographic origin | |||||||
Mainland France (n = 18,915) | 2190 (92.2) | 3151 (90.6) | 3357 (88.2) | 3511 (87.0) | 3709 (89.1) | 2997 (89.7) | 18,915 (89.2) |
French overseas territories (n = 252) | 49 (2.1) | 52 (1.5) | 51 (1.3) | 44 (1.1) | 32 (0.8) | 24 (0.7) | 252 (1.2) |
Europe (n = 909) | 58 (2.4) | 112 (3.2) | 173 (4.5) | 200 (5.0) | 197 (4.7) | 169 (5.1) | 909 (4.3) |
Africa (n = 588) | 43 (1.8) | 96 (2.8) | 109 (2.9) | 141 (3.5) | 126 (3.0) | 73 (2.2) | 588 (2.8) |
Asia (n = 250) | 18 (0.8) | 30 (0.9) | 53 (1.4) | 69 (1.7) | 49 (1.2) | 31 (0.9) | 250 (1.2) |
Other (n = 286) | 18 (0.8) | 36 (1.0) | 65 (1.7) | 70 (1.7) | 50 (1.2) | 47 (1.4) | 286 (1.3) |
Duration of periods (days) | |||||||
(0–4) (n = 9146) | 2088 (88.7) | 3042 (88.1) | 3290 (87.0) | 3508 (87.8) | 3589 (86.7) | 2552 (77.2) | 9146 (43.2) |
(5–15) (n = 12,014) | 265 (11.3) | 411 (11.9) | 491 (13.0) | 488 (12.2) | 551 (13.3) | 755 (22.8) | 12,014 (56.8) |
Parity | |||||||
P0 (n = 8958) | 2252 (98.0) | 2813 (82.7) | 1788 (47.8) | 936 (23.8) | 695 (17.1) | 474 (14.7) | 8958 (43.3) |
P1 (n = 3309) | 41 (1.8) | 376 (11.0) | 852 (22.8) | 724 (18.4) | 750 (18.4) | 566 (17.5) | 3309 (16.0) |
P2 (n = 5816) | 4 (0.2) | 179 (5.3) | 895 (23.9) | 1667 (42.4) | 1743 (42.9) | 1328 (41.1) | 5816 (28.1) |
P3+ (n = 2594) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (1.0) | 204 (5.5) | 609 (15.5) | 879 (21.6) | 867 (26.8) | 2594 (12.5) |
Contraception method | |||||||
None (n = 5395) | 280 (12.2) | 702 (20.7) | 988 (26.5) | 1050 (26.6) | 1274 (31.9) | 1101 (34.6) | 5395 (26.3) |
Mechanic (condom, cup) (n = 3425) | 324 (14.1) | 532 (15.7) | 703 (18.9) | 736 (18.6) | 638 (16.0) | 492 (15.5) | 3425 (16.7) |
Sterilization (n = 471) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 5 (0.1) | 48 (1.2) | 193 (4.8) | 224 (7.0) | 471 (2.3) |
Copper intrauterine device (n = 3246) | 122 (5.3) | 362 (10.7) | 595 (16.0) | 849 (21.5) | 737 (18.5) | 581 (18.3) | 3246 (15.8) |
Hormonal intrauterine device (n = 1169) | 18 (0.8) | 56 (1.7) | 157 (4.2) | 306 (7.8) | 338 (8.5) | 294 (9.3) | 1169 (5.7) |
Hormonal (pills, implant...) (n = 6816) | 1550 (67.6) | 1737 (51.2) | 1276 (34.3) | 958 (24.3) | 809 (20.3) | 486 (15.3) | 6816 (33.2) |
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Margueritte, F.; Fritel, X.; Zins, M.; Goldberg, M.; Panjo, H.; Fauconnier, A.; Ringa, V. The Underestimated Prevalence of Neglected Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women, a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in France. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2481. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112481
Margueritte F, Fritel X, Zins M, Goldberg M, Panjo H, Fauconnier A, Ringa V. The Underestimated Prevalence of Neglected Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women, a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in France. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(11):2481. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112481
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargueritte, François, Xavier Fritel, Marie Zins, Marcel Goldberg, Henri Panjo, Arnaud Fauconnier, and Virginie Ringa. 2021. "The Underestimated Prevalence of Neglected Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women, a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in France" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11: 2481. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112481