Efficacy of Chenodeoxycholic Acid and Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatments for Refractory Functional Dyspepsia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Medication and Follow-Up
2.3. Study Endpoints
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Values (n = 37) |
---|---|
Basic Characteristics | |
Age (y), mean ± SD | 51.3 ± 14.6 |
Sex (male:female), n (%) | 14:23 |
Height (m), mean ± SD | 163.5 ± 9.6 |
Weight (kg), mean ± SD | 61.8 ± 12.0 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 22.9 ± 2.8 |
Menopause, n (%) | 8 (21.6) |
Systolic BP (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 120.3 ± 11.9 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 75.5 ± 9.3 |
Heart rate (beats/min), mean ± SD | 76.3 ± 10.2 |
Symptoms | |
Number of Symptoms, Mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 0.9 |
Type of Symptoms, n (%) | |
Epigastric pain | 24 (64.9) |
Epigastric burning | 15 (40.5) |
Postprandial fullness | 30 (81.1) |
Early satiety | 21 (56.8) |
Duration (Months), Mean ± SD (Range) | 48.2 ± 57.8 (7–240) |
Medication Number and Type | Values (n = 37) |
---|---|
Number of Medications, Mean ± SD | 3.3 ± 1.3 |
Type of Medication, n (%) | |
Prokinetics | 30 (81.1) |
Digestive enzymes | 20 (54.1) |
Proton pump inhibitors | 16 (43.2) |
H2-receptor antagonists | 15 (40.5) |
Gastric mucosa protective agents | 13 (35.1) |
Antacids | 10 (27.0) |
Anticholinergics | 8 (21.6) |
Antidepressant agents | 3 (8.1) |
Probiotics | 3 (8.1) |
Analgesics | 2 (5.4) |
Antibiotics | 1 (2.7) |
Variables | Values (n = 37) | Reference Ranges |
---|---|---|
Laboratory Findings, Mean ± SD | ||
T3 (ng/dL) | 81.2 ± 39.7 | 71–161 |
T4 (ng/dL) | 7.0 ± 2.4 | 5.5–10.6 |
TSH (µIU/mL) | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 0.86–4.6 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 4.8–6.3 |
White blood cell count (103/µL) | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 4.0–10.8 |
Neutrophil (%) | 54.1 ± 14.5 | 40–73 |
Red blood cell count (106/µL) | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.0–5.4 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.6 ± 1.0 | 13–17 |
SGOT (IU/L) | 21.3 ± 5.0 | 16–37 |
SGPT (IU/L) | 18.9 ± 10.4 | 11–46 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.3–1.3 |
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1–0.3 |
γ-GTP (IU/L) | 19.4 ± 9.3 | 8–46 |
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 64.2 ± 15.4 | 44–99 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.8 ± 2.7 | 138–146 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 3.6–4.8 |
GBEF (%), Mean ± SD | 64.8 ± 13.4 | - |
Symptom Change | Patients, n (%) |
---|---|
Improved | 35 (94.6) |
Unchanged | 2 (5.4) |
Worsened | 0 |
Unevaluable | 0 |
Patient No. | Event | Grade † | Management | Result | Relationship with CNU ‡ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Abdominal pain | 2 | None | Symptom disappeared | Not related |
2 | Diarrhea | 1 | Stop medication | Symptom disappeared | Possibly related |
3 | Dyspepsia | 2 | Add other GI medications | Symptom disappeared | Not related |
4 | Non-cardiac chest pain | 1 | Add other GI medications | Symptom disappeared | Unlikely related |
5 | Vaginal inflammation | 1 | Add other non-GI medications | Symptom continued | Not related |
6 | Pain (epigastric) | 1 | None | Symptom disappeared | Not related |
7 | Tinea inguinalis | 2 | Add other non-GI medications | Symptom disappeared | Not related |
8 | Diarrhea | 1 | None | Symptom disappeared | Unlikely related |
9 | Ligament rupture (right ankle) | 1 | Add other non-GI medications | Symptom disappeared | Not related |
10 | Diarrhea | 1 | None | Symptom disappeared | Unlikely related |
11 | Hepatic hemangioma | 1 | None | Symptom disappeared | Not related |
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Jang, S.I.; Lee, T.H.; Jeong, S.; Kwon, C.-I.; Koh, D.H.; Kim, Y.J.; Lee, H.S.; Do, M.-Y.; Cho, J.H.; Lee, D.K. Efficacy of Chenodeoxycholic Acid and Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatments for Refractory Functional Dyspepsia. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3190. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113190
Jang SI, Lee TH, Jeong S, Kwon C-I, Koh DH, Kim YJ, Lee HS, Do M-Y, Cho JH, Lee DK. Efficacy of Chenodeoxycholic Acid and Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatments for Refractory Functional Dyspepsia. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3190. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113190
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang, Sung Ill, Tae Hoon Lee, Seok Jeong, Chang-Il Kwon, Dong Hee Koh, Yoon Jae Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Min-Young Do, Jae Hee Cho, and Dong Ki Lee. 2022. "Efficacy of Chenodeoxycholic Acid and Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatments for Refractory Functional Dyspepsia" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3190. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113190