Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Could Help Delay Renal Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Clinical Setting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Outcomes
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Primary Outcome
3.3. Secondary Outcomes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SGLT2 Inhibitors (n = 1198) | DPP-4 Inhibitors (n = 1198) | p-Value | Standardized Mean Difference * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 55.4 (12.1) | 54.9 (13.2) | 0.3971 | 3.7% |
Age group (years), n (%) | 0.3825 | - | ||
<65 | 931 (77.7) | 913 (76.2) | ||
≥65 | 267 (22.3) | 285 (23.8) | ||
Sex, n (%) | 0.9665 | 0.2% | ||
Male | 737 (61.5) | 736 (61.4) | ||
Female | 461 (38.5) | 462 (38.6) | ||
HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 7.86 (1.52) | 7.88 (1.72) | 0.7845 | 1.2% |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 96.1 (16.3) | 96.6 (17.7) | 0.4285 | 3.3% |
eGFR group (mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%) | 0.4764 | - | ||
<60 | 35 (2.9) | 45 (3.8) | ||
60–90 | 318 (26.5) | 306 (25.5) | ||
≥90 | 845 (70.5) | 847 (70.7) | ||
Serum uric acid † (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 4.99 (1.29) | 4.91 (1.33) | 0.1602 | - |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 708 (59.1) | 705 (58.9) | 0.9008 | 0.5% |
Dyslipidemia | 515 (42.6) | 500 (41.7) | 0.7720 | 1.2% |
Myocardial infarction | 59 (4.9) | 59 (4.9) | 1.0000 | 0.0% |
Stroke | 43 (3.6) | 49 (4.1) | 0.5235 | 2.3% |
Heart failure | 67 (5.6) | 65 (5.4) | 0.8579 | 0.8% |
Atrial fibrillation | 41 (3.4) | 43 (3.6) | 0.8242 | 0.8% |
Peripheral artery disease | 64 (5.3) | 65 (5.4) | 0.9279 | 0.4% |
Diabetic retinopathy | 248 (20.7) | 236 (19.7) | 0.5415 | 2.6% |
Diabetic neuropathy | 370 (30.9) | 339 (28.3) | 0.1653 | 6.1% |
Diabetic nephropathy | 83 (6.9) | 81 (6.8) | 0.8715 | 0.7% |
Cancer | 122 (10.2) | 127 (10.6) | 0.7378 | 1.2% |
Treatments, n (%) | ||||
Metformin | 1116 (93.2) | 1120 (93.5) | 0.7434 | 1.1% |
Sulfonylurea | 313 (26.1) | 321 (26.8) | 0.7110 | 1.5% |
Thiazolidinedione | 139 (11.6) | 146 (12.2) | 0.6587 | 1.8% |
Other antidiabetic drugs | 21 (1.8) | 21 (1.8) | 1.0000 | 0.0% |
Insulin | 289 (24.1) | 291 (24.3) | 0.9240 | 0.4% |
GLP-1 receptor agonists | 6 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | 0.7625 | 1.4% |
Statins | 755 (63.0) | 765 (63.9) | 0.6714 | 1.7% |
Other lipid-lowering drugs | 223 (18.6) | 225 (18.8) | 0.9165 | 0.5% |
Calcium channel blockers | 357 (29.8) | 351 (29.3) | 0.7882 | 1.1% |
ACEIs | 114 (9.5) | 127 (10.6) | 0.3772 | 3.9% |
ARBs | 469 (39.2) | 462 (38.6) | 0.7692 | 1.2% |
β-blockers | 300 (25.0) | 296 (24.7) | 0.8501 | 0.8% |
Thiazides | 96 (8.0) | 97 (8.1) | 0.9402 | 0.3% |
Aldosterone antagonist | 71 (5.9) | 77 (6.4) | 0.6106 | 2.2% |
Loop diuretics | 102 (8.5) | 106 (8.9) | 0.7716 | 1.1% |
Antiplatelet agents | 485 (40.5) | 495 (41.3) | 0.6778 | 1.7% |
Anticoagulants | 43 (3.6) | 41 (3.4) | 0.8242 | 0.9% |
Subgroups | SGLT2 Inhibitors | DPP-4 Inhibitors | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p Value for Interaction | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Patients/Total No. | |||||
Total | 26/1198 | 75/1198 | 0.46 (0.29–0.72) | ||
Sex | 0.2755 | ||||
Female | 10/461 | 37/462 | 0.34 (0.17–0.69) | ||
Male | 16/737 | 38/736 | 0.57 (0.32–1.03) | ||
Age (years) | 0.1424 | ||||
<65 | 9/931 | 34/913 | 0.33 (0.16–0.69) | ||
≥65 | 17/267 | 41/285 | 0.66 (0.37–1.18) | ||
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.5804 | ||||
<90 | 22/353 | 61/351 | 0.51 (0.31–0.85) | ||
≥90 | 4/845 | 14/847 | 0.37 (0.12–1.11) | ||
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Park, G.; Choi, B.; Kang, S.; Kim, B.; Chang, M.J. Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Could Help Delay Renal Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Clinical Setting. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5259. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185259
Park G, Choi B, Kang S, Kim B, Chang MJ. Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Could Help Delay Renal Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Clinical Setting. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(18):5259. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185259
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Gyunam, Byungha Choi, Soyoung Kang, Bomin Kim, and Min Jung Chang. 2022. "Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Could Help Delay Renal Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Clinical Setting" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 18: 5259. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185259