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Article

Efficacy of Metformin as Adjuvant Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment

by
Nourhan M. Essa
1,
Heba F. Salem
2,
Marwa O. Elgendy
3,4,
A. Gabr
5,
Mervat M. Omran
6,
Nivin A. Hassan
7,
Hanaa M. Tashkandi
8,
Steve Harakeh
9,10,* and
Marian S. Boshra
11,*
1
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, El-Kharja 72511, Egypt
2
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
3
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Teaching Hospital of Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
4
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef 62764, Egypt
5
Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71111, Egypt
6
Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza 11796, Egypt
7
Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assuit University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
8
Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
9
King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
10
Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
11
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
 
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(19), 5505; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195505
Submission received: 10 August 2022 / Revised: 8 September 2022 / Accepted: 16 September 2022 / Published: 20 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)
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Abstract

Background: Metformin has been reported to have an anti-tumorigenic impact against metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cells through several mechanisms. Its effect can be evaluated by using many variables such as the response rate (RR) as well as the progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted to investigate and estimate the metformin effect on MBC. About 107 subjects were included in the study and were divided into two groups: Group A included non-diabetic MBC patients treated with metformin in conjunction with chemotherapy and group B included those treated with chemotherapy alone. Both PFS and RR were used as a criteria to evaluate the treatment outcome. Associated adverse effects of metformin were also assessed. Results: The average age of the participants in group A and group B was 50 vs. 47.5, respectively. No significant differences were detected between both cohorts concerning RR levels (regression disease (RD) 27.8% vs. 12.5%, stationary disease (SD) 44.4% vs. 41.7%, progression disease (PD) 27.8% vs. 45.8%, respectively, p = 0.074). Moreover, PFS showed no significant difference between both groups (p = 0.753). There was no significant correlation between metformin concentration and their adverse effects on the study participants. Conclusion: Metformin as an adjuvant therapy to MBC undergoing chemotherapy showed no significant survival benefit as determined by RR and PFS.
Keywords: metformin; metastatic breast cancer (MBC); non-diabetic patients metformin; metastatic breast cancer (MBC); non-diabetic patients

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MDPI and ACS Style

Essa, N.M.; Salem, H.F.; Elgendy, M.O.; Gabr, A.; Omran, M.M.; Hassan, N.A.; Tashkandi, H.M.; Harakeh, S.; Boshra, M.S. Efficacy of Metformin as Adjuvant Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5505. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195505

AMA Style

Essa NM, Salem HF, Elgendy MO, Gabr A, Omran MM, Hassan NA, Tashkandi HM, Harakeh S, Boshra MS. Efficacy of Metformin as Adjuvant Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(19):5505. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195505

Chicago/Turabian Style

Essa, Nourhan M., Heba F. Salem, Marwa O. Elgendy, A. Gabr, Mervat M. Omran, Nivin A. Hassan, Hanaa M. Tashkandi, Steve Harakeh, and Marian S. Boshra. 2022. "Efficacy of Metformin as Adjuvant Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19: 5505. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195505

APA Style

Essa, N. M., Salem, H. F., Elgendy, M. O., Gabr, A., Omran, M. M., Hassan, N. A., Tashkandi, H. M., Harakeh, S., & Boshra, M. S. (2022). Efficacy of Metformin as Adjuvant Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(19), 5505. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195505

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