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Volume 11
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10.3390/jcm11216449
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Article

Cortical Reorganization of Early Somatosensory Processing in Hemiparetic Stroke

by
Jordan N. Williamson
1,†,
William A. Sikora
1,†,
Shirley A. James
2,
Nishaal J. Parmar
3,
Louis V. Lepak
4,
Carolyn F. Cheema
4,
Hazem H. Refai
3,
Dee H. Wu
5,
Evgeny V. Sidorov
6,
Julius P. A. Dewald
7,8 and
Yuan Yang
1,3,4,7,*
1
Neural Control and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
2
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
3
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
4
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
5
Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
6
Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
7
Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
8
Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(21), 6449; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216449
Submission received: 23 September 2022 / Revised: 27 October 2022 / Accepted: 29 October 2022 / Published: 31 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases and Stroke)
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Abstract

The cortical motor system can be reorganized following a stroke, with increased recruitment of the contralesional hemisphere. However, it is unknown whether a similar hemispheric shift occurs in the somatosensory system to adapt to this motor change, and whether this is related to movement impairments. This proof-of-concept study assessed somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), P50 and N100, in hemiparetic stroke participants and age-matched controls using high-density electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings during tactile finger stimulation. The laterality index was calculated to determine the hemispheric dominance of the SEP and re-confirmed with source localization. The study found that latencies of P50 and N100 were significantly delayed in stroke brains when stimulating the paretic hand. The amplitude of P50 in the contralateral (to stimulated hand) hemisphere was negatively correlated with the Fügl–Meyer upper extremity motor score in stroke. Bilateral cortical responses were detected in stroke, while only contralateral cortical responses were shown in controls, resulting in a significant difference in the laterality index. These results suggested that somatosensory reorganization after stroke involves increased recruitment of ipsilateral cortical regions, especially for the N100 SEP component. This reorganization delays the latency of somatosensory processing after a stroke. This research provided new insights related to the somatosensory reorganization after stroke, which could enrich future hypothesis-driven therapeutic rehabilitation strategies from a sensory or sensory-motor perspective.
Keywords: hemiparetic stroke; cortical reorganization; somatosensory evoked potentials; EEG; sensorimotor system hemiparetic stroke; cortical reorganization; somatosensory evoked potentials; EEG; sensorimotor system

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MDPI and ACS Style

Williamson, J.N.; Sikora, W.A.; James, S.A.; Parmar, N.J.; Lepak, L.V.; Cheema, C.F.; Refai, H.H.; Wu, D.H.; Sidorov, E.V.; Dewald, J.P.A.; et al. Cortical Reorganization of Early Somatosensory Processing in Hemiparetic Stroke. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 6449. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216449

AMA Style

Williamson JN, Sikora WA, James SA, Parmar NJ, Lepak LV, Cheema CF, Refai HH, Wu DH, Sidorov EV, Dewald JPA, et al. Cortical Reorganization of Early Somatosensory Processing in Hemiparetic Stroke. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(21):6449. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216449

Chicago/Turabian Style

Williamson, Jordan N., William A. Sikora, Shirley A. James, Nishaal J. Parmar, Louis V. Lepak, Carolyn F. Cheema, Hazem H. Refai, Dee H. Wu, Evgeny V. Sidorov, Julius P. A. Dewald, and et al. 2022. "Cortical Reorganization of Early Somatosensory Processing in Hemiparetic Stroke" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21: 6449. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216449

APA Style

Williamson, J. N., Sikora, W. A., James, S. A., Parmar, N. J., Lepak, L. V., Cheema, C. F., Refai, H. H., Wu, D. H., Sidorov, E. V., Dewald, J. P. A., & Yang, Y. (2022). Cortical Reorganization of Early Somatosensory Processing in Hemiparetic Stroke. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(21), 6449. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216449

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