The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Oral Assessment
2.3. Oral Health Care
2.4. Stool Samples
2.5. Index of the General Condition
2.6. Statistical Methods
2.7. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Characterics of COVID-19 Patients Who Received ECMO
3.2. Correlations among the Total OAG-F, NLR, and BSFS Scores
3.3. The Time Course of the Changes of the Scores of Survivors and Non-Survivors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Cases N = 21 | Survivors N = 13 | Non-Survivors N = 8 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex 1 | Male | 17 (81.0%) | 11 (84.6%) | 6 (75.0%) |
Female | 4 (19.0%) | 2 (15.4%) | 2 (25.0%) | |
Age 2 | 62 (54–69) | 58 (43–64) | 67 (60–71) | |
Length of stay in the center (days) 2 | 23 (12–46) | 17 (11–31) | 34 (17–74) |
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Yoshino, A.; Nakamura, Y.; Hashiguchi, S.; Ishida, S.; Mano, R.; Nakamura, S.; Kita, R.; Seto, M.; Takata, T.; Ishikura, H.; et al. The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051167
Yoshino A, Nakamura Y, Hashiguchi S, Ishida S, Mano R, Nakamura S, Kita R, Seto M, Takata T, Ishikura H, et al. The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(5):1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051167
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshino, Aya, Yoshihiko Nakamura, Shiho Hashiguchi, Shintaro Ishida, Ryosuke Mano, Shinsuke Nakamura, Ryosuke Kita, Mika Seto, Tohru Takata, Hiroyasu Ishikura, and et al. 2022. "The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 5: 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051167