Seasonal Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Viral Encephalitis in Korea (2015–2019)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Viral Surveillance Data
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Encephalitis Trend Analysis
3.3. Viral Positive Detection Rates
3.4. Causal Associations between Virus Prevalence and Encephalitis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N (%) | |
---|---|---|
Total number of patients | 42,775 (100.0) | |
Age group | ||
0–9.99 years | 7710 (18.0) | |
10~19.99 years | 4224 (9.9) | |
20~39.99 years | 8890 (20.8) | |
40–59.99 years | 11,233 (26.3) | |
≥60 years | 10,718 (25.1) | |
Sex | ||
Male | 20,760 (48.5) | |
Female | 22,015 (51.5) | |
Location | ||
Seoul | 11,116 (26.0) | |
Busan | 3225 (7.5) | |
Incheon | 1927 (4.5) | |
Daegu | 1567 (3.7) | |
Gwangju | 2698 (6.3) | |
Daejeon | 1077 (2.5) | |
Ulsan | 582 (1.4) | |
Gyeonggi | 8656 (20.2) | |
Gangwon | 1930 (4.5) | |
Chungbuk | 706 (1.7) | |
Chungnam | 1492 (3.5) | |
Jeonbuk | 1594 (3.7) | |
Jeonnam | 911 (2.1) | |
Gyeongbuk | 1798 (4.2) | |
Gyeongnam | 2660 (6.2) | |
Jeju | 708 (1.7) | |
Sejong | 128 (0.3) | |
Insurance type | ||
Medical insurance | 40,839 (95.5) | |
Medical aid | 1918 (4.5) | |
Free | 18 (0.0) |
Age Group (Years) | Annual Incidence * (Annual Incidence Rate) ** | Overall Incidence Rate | Relative Risk *** | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |||
0–9 | 818 (17.8) | 2047 (44.5) | 1375 (29.9) | 1779 (38.7) | 2067 (44.9) | 35.1 | 2.79 |
10–19 | 331 (5.8) | 1148 (20.1) | 773 (13.5) | 1230 (21.5) | 1119 (19.6) | 16.1 | 1.28 |
20–39 | 673 (4.7) | 1894 (13.2) | 1463 (10.2) | 2554 (17.8) | 2468 (17.2) | 12.6 | 1.00 |
40–59 | 989 (5.8) | 2039 (11.9) | 2095 (12.2) | 3226 (18.8) | 2916 (17.0) | 13.1 | 1.04 |
≥60 | 1054 (10.9) | 1737 (18.0) | 1919 (19.9) | 2377 (24.6) | 2429 (25.2) | 19.7 | 1.56 |
Total | 3865 (7.5) | 8865 (17.2) | 7625 (14.7) | 11,166 (21.5) | 10,999 (21.2) | 16.4 | 1.30 |
Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Total | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 316 | 285 | 308 | 304 | 294 | 288 | 341 | 399 | 415 | 357 | 278 | 280 | 3865 | 322 |
2016 | 503 | 1259 | 948 | 664 | 456 | 503 | 756 | 564 | 433 | 415 | 439 | 1943 | 8883 | 740 |
2017 | 917 | 428 | 503 | 665 | 533 | 506 | 549 | 496 | 481 | 442 | 510 | 1672 | 7702 | 642 |
2018 | 2535 | 723 | 508 | 476 | 559 | 540 | 656 | 610 | 473 | 530 | 911 | 2718 | 11,239 | 937 |
2019 | 1104 | 565 | 864 | 1330 | 760 | 606 | 909 | 854 | 685 | 651 | 761 | 1997 | 11,086 | 924 |
Total | 5375 | 3260 | 3131 | 3439 | 2602 | 2443 | 3211 | 2923 | 2487 | 2395 | 2899 | 8610 | 42,775 | 3565 |
Average | 946 | 513 | 488 | 512 | 447 | 466 | 550 | 491 | 391 | 362 | 403 | 917 | 71,341 | 540 |
Age Group (Years) | HAdV | HPIV | HRSV | IFV | HCoV | HRV | HBoV | HMPV | Rotavirus | Norovirus | Adenovirus | Astrovirus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–9 | 0.885 | 0.894 | <0.001 | 0.521 | 0.021 | 0.447 | 0.556 | 0.377 | 0.965 | 0.112 | 0.589 | 0.668 |
10–19 | 0.89 | 0.345 | <0.001 | 0.569 | 0.004 | 0.882 | 0.873 | 0.83 | 0.615 | 0.134 | 0.821 | 0.493 |
20–39 | 0.93 | 0.485 | <0.001 | 0.572 | <0.001 | 0.263 | 0.895 | 0.658 | 0.985 | 0.046 | 0.646 | 0.932 |
40–59 | 0.98 | 0.683 | <0.001 | 0.139 | 0.001 | 0.072 | 0.789 | 0.646 | 0.662 | 0.011 | 0.545 | 0.898 |
≥60 | 0.542 | 0.66 | 0.001 | 0.041 | 0.012 | 0.097 | 0.463 | 0.497 | 0.596 | 0.002 | 0.512 | 0.913 |
total | 0.938 | 0.63 | <0.001 | 0.74 | 0.002 | 0.302 | 0.759 | 0.587 | 0.958 | 0.026 | 0.569 | 0.901 |
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Lee, S.J.; Kim, J.M.; Keum, H.R.; Kim, S.W.; Baek, H.S.; Byun, J.C.; Kim, Y.K.; Kim, S.; Lee, J.M. Seasonal Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Viral Encephalitis in Korea (2015–2019). J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052003
Lee SJ, Kim JM, Keum HR, Kim SW, Baek HS, Byun JC, Kim YK, Kim S, Lee JM. Seasonal Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Viral Encephalitis in Korea (2015–2019). Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(5):2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052003
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Seon Jin, Jeong Min Kim, Ha Rim Keum, Sang Won Kim, Hee Sun Baek, Jun Chul Byun, Yu Kyung Kim, Saeyoon Kim, and Jae Min Lee. 2023. "Seasonal Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Viral Encephalitis in Korea (2015–2019)" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 5: 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052003
APA StyleLee, S. J., Kim, J. M., Keum, H. R., Kim, S. W., Baek, H. S., Byun, J. C., Kim, Y. K., Kim, S., & Lee, J. M. (2023). Seasonal Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Viral Encephalitis in Korea (2015–2019). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(5), 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12052003