Handgrip Strength and Muscle Quality: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database

Wen, Zhangxin; Gu, Jiaxuan; Chen, Rong; Wang, Qinyi; Ding, Na; Meng, Lingqiong; Wang, Xiangbing; Liu, Hong; Sheng, Zhifeng; Zheng, Houfeng

doi:10.3390/jcm12093184

Open AccessArticle

Handgrip Strength and Muscle Quality: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database

by

Zhangxin Wen

^1,†,

Jiaxuan Gu

^2,3,†,

Rong Chen

⁴,

Qinyi Wang

⁵,

Na Ding

¹,

Lingqiong Meng

⁶,

Xiangbing Wang

⁷

,

Hong Liu

^1,*,

Zhifeng Sheng

^5,*

and

Houfeng Zheng

^2,3,*

¹

Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 116 Changjiang South Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China

²

Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Lifesciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China

³

Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Street, Hangzhou 310024, China

⁴

Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Beijing 100730, China

⁵

National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China

⁶

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA

⁷

Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contribute equally to this work.

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(9), 3184; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093184

Submission received: 23 December 2022 / Revised: 21 February 2023 / Accepted: 6 March 2023 / Published: 28 April 2023

(This article belongs to the Topic New Insights on Chronic Illness: Pathogenesis, Prevalence, Prevention, and Systemic Therapies)

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Abstract

Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) and the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) are important determinants of sarcopenia. Muscle quality (MQ) is a measure of muscle strength relative to muscle mass. We examined trends in handgrip strength, the appendicular lean mass index, and analyzed their relationship with age, anthropometry, and body composition in a sample of participants in the United States (US). Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 14,741 US males (49.7%) and females (50.3%) 6–80 years old who responded to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure appendicular skeletal muscle mass. HGS was evaluated using the Takei Digital Grip Strength Dynamometer. Smoothed normative curves for HGS and the ALMI were constructed using a generalized additive model. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine associations of HGS and the ALMI with age, nutrition-related factors, physical activity, and body composition. Results: Mean HGS and the ALMI declined with advancing age. While mean HGS increased with the ALMI, it decreased with the fat mass index. HGS increased in males with an increase in body mass index, energy intake, the ALMI, and vitamins; however, HGS in females increased with albumin, but it had a negative association with the fat mass index and age, but not with increasing adiposity. Conclusions: HGS and the ALMI change with age: HGS increases with age, then stabilizes and declines; the ALMI increases with age, then stabilizes. In addition, we provide evidence for the effect of anthropometry, nutrition, physical activity, and body composition on HGS and the ALMI in US population.

Keywords: sarcopenia; handgrip strength; appendicular lean mass index; age; physical activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wen, Z.; Gu, J.; Chen, R.; Wang, Q.; Ding, N.; Meng, L.; Wang, X.; Liu, H.; Sheng, Z.; Zheng, H. Handgrip Strength and Muscle Quality: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093184

AMA Style

Wen Z, Gu J, Chen R, Wang Q, Ding N, Meng L, Wang X, Liu H, Sheng Z, Zheng H. Handgrip Strength and Muscle Quality: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(9):3184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093184

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wen, Zhangxin, Jiaxuan Gu, Rong Chen, Qinyi Wang, Na Ding, Lingqiong Meng, Xiangbing Wang, Hong Liu, Zhifeng Sheng, and Houfeng Zheng. 2023. "Handgrip Strength and Muscle Quality: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 9: 3184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093184

APA Style

Wen, Z., Gu, J., Chen, R., Wang, Q., Ding, N., Meng, L., Wang, X., Liu, H., Sheng, Z., & Zheng, H. (2023). Handgrip Strength and Muscle Quality: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(9), 3184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093184

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Handgrip Strength and Muscle Quality: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database

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