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Systematic Review

Estrogen Hormones’ Implications on the Physiopathology of Temporomandibular Dysfunction

by
Daniel-Corneliu Leucuța
1,
Damaris Anton
2,* and
Oana Almășan
2
1
Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(15), 4406; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154406 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 July 2024 / Revised: 24 July 2024 / Accepted: 26 July 2024 / Published: 27 July 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome consists of several disorders of the masticatory system, namely those of the muscles, the joint itself, as well as the dental and periodontal system. This syndrome is often characterized by pain and an inability to perform functions within the dental–maxillary apparatus, which creates a certain degree of disability in patients. Women are more susceptible to this syndrome than men and hormonal factors, particularly estrogen, are central to its etiology and physiopathology. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases regarding articles published from January 2008 to December 2023. Two authors conducted searches in the mentioned databases based on a pre-established search strategy using agreed-upon keywords. Additionally, each review author performed the selection process of eligible studies based on established inclusion criteria. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale and Risk of Bias tool 2 were used to assess each article for its methodological quality. Results: Of the 1030 records found in the four bibliographic databases, 22 studies were included in this review. Polymorphism in the alpha estrogen receptor appears to be significantly more prevalent in women with temporomandibular dysfunction, suggesting a genetic predisposition. There is a significant role of estrogen in the physiopathology of TMD-related pain. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a significantly higher incidence of TMD, accompanied by elevated inflammatory factors and decreased progesterone levels. In premenopausal women, there is scientific relevance to the association between beta-estradiol levels and TMD development and progression. The effects of estrogen hormones on temporomandibular dysfunction remain highly debated and challenging. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of considering hormonal factors, genetic predisposition, and reproductive life stages in understanding and managing temporomandibular dysfunction. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these associations.
Keywords: temporomandibular joint; temporomandibular dysfunction; estrogenic hormones; menstruation disorder; menopause; oral contraceptives; polycystic ovary syndrome temporomandibular joint; temporomandibular dysfunction; estrogenic hormones; menstruation disorder; menopause; oral contraceptives; polycystic ovary syndrome

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MDPI and ACS Style

Leucuța, D.-C.; Anton, D.; Almășan, O. Estrogen Hormones’ Implications on the Physiopathology of Temporomandibular Dysfunction. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4406. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154406

AMA Style

Leucuța D-C, Anton D, Almășan O. Estrogen Hormones’ Implications on the Physiopathology of Temporomandibular Dysfunction. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(15):4406. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154406

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leucuța, Daniel-Corneliu, Damaris Anton, and Oana Almășan. 2024. "Estrogen Hormones’ Implications on the Physiopathology of Temporomandibular Dysfunction" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 15: 4406. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154406

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