Exploring the Potential of Saphenous Vein Grafts Ex Vivo: A Model for Intimal Hyperplasia and Re-Endothelialization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Sample Collection
2.2.1. Tissue Samples
2.2.2. Blood Samples
2.3. Cell and Tissue Culture
2.3.1. Tissue Culture
2.3.2. Cell Culture
2.4. Histological Analysis
2.5. Immunofluorescence (IF)
2.6. Image Processing
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome
3.2. Variability in Lumen Diameter, Medial Thickness, and Intimal Hyperplasia
3.3. Surplus Saphenous Vein Grafts Endothelial Cells Coverage
3.4. Baseline Saphenous Vein Grafts Extracellular Matrix Composition
3.5. Surplus Saphenous Vein Grafts Intimal Hyperplasia Ex Vivo Model (DM vs. SM)
3.6. Re-Endothelialization of Intimal Hyperplasia Ex Vivo Model (SM vs. BOEC)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient Characteristics | Patient (n = 35) |
---|---|
Mean age in years ± standard deviation | 59 ± 9.2 |
CVD risk factors: Diabetes mellitus, type II, n (%) | 13 (37%) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 28 (80%) |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 22 (63%) |
Obesity, n (%) | 2 (6%) |
History of smoking, n (%) | 14 (40%) |
Past medical history: Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 4 (11%) |
Fatty liver disease, n (%) | 2 (6%) |
Transient ischemic attack (TIA), or mini stroke, n (%) | 3 (9%) |
LVEF%: Reduced (≤40%), n (%) | 4 (11%) |
Borderline (41–49%), n (%) | 10 (29%) |
Normal (50–70%), n (%) | 21 (60%) |
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Haron, N.A.; Ishak, M.F.; Yazid, M.D.; Vijakumaran, U.; Ibrahim, R.; Raja Sabudin, R.Z.A.; Alauddin, H.; Md Ali, N.A.; Haron, H.; Ismail, M.I.; et al. Exploring the Potential of Saphenous Vein Grafts Ex Vivo: A Model for Intimal Hyperplasia and Re-Endothelialization. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4774. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164774
Haron NA, Ishak MF, Yazid MD, Vijakumaran U, Ibrahim R, Raja Sabudin RZA, Alauddin H, Md Ali NA, Haron H, Ismail MI, et al. Exploring the Potential of Saphenous Vein Grafts Ex Vivo: A Model for Intimal Hyperplasia and Re-Endothelialization. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4774. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164774
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaron, Nur A’tiqah, Mohamad Fikeri Ishak, Muhammad Dain Yazid, Ubashini Vijakumaran, Roszita Ibrahim, Raja Zahratul Azma Raja Sabudin, Hafiza Alauddin, Nur Ayub Md Ali, Hairulfaizi Haron, Muhammad Ishamuddin Ismail, and et al. 2024. "Exploring the Potential of Saphenous Vein Grafts Ex Vivo: A Model for Intimal Hyperplasia and Re-Endothelialization" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4774. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164774